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Malloc is used for dynamic memory allocation and is useful when you don't know the amount of memory needed during compile time. Allocating memory allows objects to exist beyond the scope of the current block. C passes by value instead of reference.
C++ is a superset of C, so both languages have similar syntax, code structure, and compilation. Almost all of C's keywords and operators are used in C++ and do the same thing. C and C++ both use the top-down execution flow and allow procedural and functional programming.
C is an imperative procedural language supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, with a static type system. It was designed to be compiled to provide low-level access to memory and language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, all with minimal runtime support.
From http://computer-programming-forum.com/47-c-language/a9c4a586c7dcd3fe.htm:
In pre-ANSI C -- as described in K&R-1 -- malloc() returned a
char *and it was necessary to cast its return value in all cases where the receiving variable was not also achar *. The newvoid *type in Standard C makes these contortions unnecessary.To save anybody from the embarrassment of leaping needlessly to the defence of K&R-2, I asked Dennis Ritchie for an opinion that I could quote on the validity of the sentence cited above from page 142. He replied:
In any case, now that I reread the stuff on p. 142, I think it's wrong; it's written in such a way that it's not just defensive against earlier rules, it misrepresents the ANSI rules.
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