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As far as I know, this is right:
<div> <p>some words</p> </div> But this is wrong:
<p> <div>some words</div> </p> The first one can pass the W3C validator (XHTML 1.0), but the second can't. I know that nobody will write code like the second one. I just want know why.
And what about other tags' containment relationship?
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The <div> tag can NOT be inside <p> tag, because the paragraph will be broken at the point, where the <div> tag is entered. To apply styles inside a paragraph use <span> tag, which is used with inline elements.
No, a paragraph element may not contain other block elements. A paragraph tag is intended for a block of text. If your elements is a part of the text (and not block elements), it would be semantically correct, otherwise not.
An authoritative place to look for allowed containment relations is the HTML spec. See, for example, http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/sgml/dtd.html. It specifies which elements are block elements and which are inline. For those lists, search for the section marked "HTML content models".
For the P element, it specifies the following, which indicates that P elements are only allowed to contain inline elements.
<!ELEMENT P - O (%inline;)* -- paragraph --> This is consistent with http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#h-9.3.1, which says that the P element "cannot contain block-level elements (including P itself)."
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