Why can't I replace the __str__ method of a Python object with another function?

Question

Here is the code:

class Dummy(object):
    def __init__(self, v):
        self.ticker = v


def main():
        def _assign_custom_str(x):
            def _show_ticker(t):                
                return t.ticker
            x.__str__ = _show_ticker
            x.__repr__ = _show_ticker
            return x


    a = [Dummy(1), Dummy(2)]

    a1 = [_assign_custom_str(t) for t in a]
    print a1[1]
    # print a1[1].__str__ # test to if orig __str__ is replaced

I was hoping to see the output like this

2

However, instead I see the standard representation:

<__main__.Dummy object at 0x01237730>

Why?

Answer 1

Magic methods are only guaranteed to work if they're defined on the type rather than on the object.

For example:

def _assign_custom_str(x):
        def _show_ticker(self):                
            return self.ticker
        x.__class__.__str__ = _show_ticker
        x.__class__.__repr__ = _show_ticker
        return x

But note that will affect all Dummy objects, not just the one you're using to access the class.