Re the recent question at when are modal dialogs truly necessary?. WHY are modal dialog boxes evil? Is it because people don't read them anyway? Because they are often implemented so poorly? Something else?
Modal windows are horrible, they interrupt the user's workflow, demand attention and block important information on the screen. The belief is that when users see a modal, they get scared and completely forget what they've been doing.
The way modals are used and designed can cause usability and user experience challenges. However, the most perfect visual affordance can still fall down when it comes to web accessibility, if the modal is not built correctly.
A modal window creates a mode that disables the main window but keeps it visible, with the modal window as a child window in front of it. Users must interact with the modal window before they can return to the parent application. This avoids interrupting the workflow on the main window.
The modal dialog is not navigable in URL nature. The modal window should have a Cancel/Close button. Modal dialogs maintain focus until dismissed. Don't put too much contents into modal dialog.
About half of the answers so far are addressing the flaws of confirmation dialogs, not of modal dialogs. While the vast majority of confirmation dialogs are modal, this does not mean that the two terms are synonymous.
A modal dialog is one which puts the program into a specific mode and does not allow you to do anything which doesn't correspond to that mode while it is open. In the most common implementation, this means you can't access any other windows.
This is evil.
Consider an address book application. Suppose you have an existing person in the address book and you wish to add their roommate.
On rare occasions, you run into something which truly must be done in one piece without allowing the user to diverge from that task until it is complete. Modal dialogs are appropriate for such cases. But these cases are very rare! Which is basically the point of the other thread referenced by this question.
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