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I have been searching around [in vain] for some good links/sources to help understand GPIOs and why they are used in embedded systems. Can anyone please point me to some ?
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A General Purpose Input/output (GPIO) is an interface available on most modern microcontrollers (MCU) to provide an ease of access to the devices internal properties. Generally there are multiple GPIO pins on a single MCU for the use of multiple interaction so simultaneous application.
When configured as input, we can read the signal on that pin. GPIO is the standard interface through which a microcontroller can communicate with the external world. It can be used to read values from analog or digital sensors, drive a led, drives clock for I2C communication, etc.
Gpio namespace to allow apps to set, read, and react to state changes in the General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins on a Windows IoT (Internet of Things) device. These pins are often used to access sensors, motors, LEDs, etc. Note: This sample is part of a large collection of UWP feature samples.
A GPIO pin is a generic pin whose value consists of one of two voltage settings (high or low) and whose behavior can be programmed through software. A GPIO port is a platform-defined grouping of GPIO pins (often 4 or more pins).
In any useful system, the CPU has to have some way to interact with the outside world - be it lights or sounds presented to the user or electrical signals used to communicate with other parts of the system. A GPIO (general purpose input/output) pin lets you either get input for your program from outside the CPU or to provide output to the user.
Some uses for GPIOs as inputs:
Some uses for GPIOs as outputs:
A good case for a bidirectional GPIO or a set of GPIOs can be to "bit-bang" a protocol that your SoC doesn't provide natively. You could roll your own SPI or I2C interface, for example.
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