When to Use the Decorator Pattern?

Question

I am going over my design patterns, and one pattern I have yet to seriously use in my coding is the Decorator Pattern.

I understand the pattern, but what I would love to know are some good concrete examples of times in the real world that the decorator pattern is the best/optimal/elegant solution. Specific situations where the need for the decorator pattern is really handy.

Thanks.

Answer 1

The Decorator Pattern is used for adding additional functionality to an existing object (i.e. already instantiated class at runtime), as opposed to object's class and/or subclass. It is easy to add functionality to an entire class of objects by subclassing an object's class, but it is impossible to extend a single object this way. With the Decorator Pattern, you can add functionality to a single object and leave others like it unmodified.

In Java, a classical example of the decorator pattern is the Java I/O Streams implementation.

FileReader       frdr = new FileReader(filename); LineNumberReader lrdr = new LineNumberReader(frdr); 

The preceding code creates a reader -- lrdr -- that reads from a file and tracks line numbers. Line 1 creates a file reader (frdr), and line 2 adds line-number tracking.

Actually, I'd highly encourage you to look at the Java source code for the Java I/O classes.