What's the maximum number of rows a single SQL Server table can store?

Question

How many rows can we place in a single SQL Server table?

Answer 1

There is no limit, except maybe for your hard drive size.

Have a look at Estimating the Size of a Table

and Maximum Capacity Specifications for SQL Server : Rows per table

Tables per database : Limited by number of objects in a database

Database objects include objects such as tables, views, stored procedures, user-defined functions, triggers, rules, defaults, and constraints. The sum of the number of all objects in a database cannot exceed 2,147,483,647.

Answer 2

* System storage limits may preclude the limits specified here. 
* A limit of storage means that the limit is dependent on the amount of storage available.
* A limit of statement means that the limit is dependent on the limit for the maximum length of a statement.

But if you want theoretical maximums then the following data maybe useful for you

Maximum number of rows in a non-partitioned table 4294967288 Maximum number of rows in a data partition 4294967288

You can check out IBM's reference page.