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It seems all of them take 4 bytes of space,
so what's the difference?
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Unsigned long variables are extended size variables for number storage, and store 32 bits (4 bytes). Unlike standard longs unsigned longs won't store negative numbers, making their range from 0 to 4,294,967,295 (2^32 - 1).
Unsigned int is only guaranteed to be able to hold the numbers between 0 and 65535 (inclusive), while unsigned long int is guaranteed to be able to hold the numbers between 0 and 4 294 967 295.
long int Data Type: unsigned long int data type denotes a 32 – bit integer. It does not use a bit to store the sign. Hence it can hold only positive values between 0 and 4,294,967,295 (2 32 – 1). long is used whenever an int data type is not sufficient to represent a number.
long and long int are identical. So are long long and long long int . In both cases, the int is optional. As to the difference between the two sets, the C++ standard mandates minimum ranges for each, and that long long is at least as wide as long .
First of all, the size of int/long is unspecified. So on your compiler, an int and a long might be the same, but this isn't universal across compilers.
As for the difference between unsigned long and long:
Assuming 4 bytes, a long has the range of -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. An unsigned long has the range of 0 to 4,294,967,295.
One other difference is with overflow. For a signed type, an overflow has unspecified behavior. But for an unsigned type, overflow is guaranteed to "wrap around."
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