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I use Java where we only have packages. I know there are other programming languages that also include modules.
What's the difference?
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A Python package is nothing but a collection of modules along with a __init__.py file. The modules can also be arranged in hierarchy of folders inside a package. Just by adding an empty __init__.py file to the in the folder, Python knows it is a Package.
A module is a collection of related Java packages and associated resources with a descriptor file, which contains information about which packages/resources are exposed by this module, which packages are used by current module and some other information.
It's hard to compare semantics in the void. (What other languages do you mean?) A "module" might be analogous to a Java class, or a Java package, or something else entirely, depending on that other language. Typically since "modules" tend to be from procedural languages, I'd lean toward saying Java class, but I think the line is very fuzzy at that point and you could argue package quite convincingly.
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