What's the difference between char and int in a switch case?

Question

I started C++ recently and while learning switch case, I got this doubt.
What's the difference if I use int or char in the following code :
int Fav_Car;
The switch case code is as follows

switch( Fav_Car ) {
    case '1' :
        cout<< "That's cool";
        break;
    case '2' :
        cout<< "Even mine!";
        break;
    default :
        cout<< "Oh";
        break;
}

When I ran the program, I noticed that using int returns me the default case and using char works perfectly. Why does it happen so?
And also, what's the difference if I use case '1' : and case "1" :

Answer 1

Your misunderstanding has nothing to do with the switch() construct, it's all about the single quotes '': If you write 1, you get an integer of the value 1, when you put it in single quotes '1', you get the numeric value of the ASCII character for the digit 1 (this is a bit imprecise, see note below). That ASCII character has the numeric value of 0x31, or 49 in decimal. Now imagine the difference between

switch( Fav_Car ) {
    case 1 :
        cout<< "That's cool";
        break;
    case 2 :
        cout<< "Even mine!";
        break;
    default :
        cout<< "Oh";
        break;
}

and

switch( Fav_Car ) {
    case 49 :
        cout<< "That's cool";
        break;
    case 50 :
        cout<< "Even mine!";
        break;
    default :
        cout<< "Oh";
        break;
}

The second one is equivalent to the version that you posted, and I think it's clear why it behaves very differently from the first version.

---

Note:
While '1' yields an ASCII character value in most C++ implementations, that does not need to be the case. The implementation is free to use some other character code, so that the value of '1' is actually implementation defined. It could be virtually anything except zero (because that's used for the terminating null-byte in strings). However, most implementations do use ASCII encoding, which is why I assumed ASCII in the text above.

Answer 2

What's the difference between char and int in a switch case?

Using char or int are both ok in a switch statement. It depends on how you input your Fav_Car - as long as the input matches with a case, that case will be executed.

Note that char is also an integral type - it has a value in range [32, 127] (assume you want a printable char).

what's the difference if I use case '1' : and case "1"

switch case only work with integral (ie int, char). So:

case '1':   // ok.

case "1":   // wrong because "1" is a string - not integral type.