What's the difference between a Python module and a Python package?

Question

What's the difference between a Python module and a Python package?

See also: What's the difference between "package" and "module" (for other languages)

Answer 1

A module is a single file (or files) that are imported under one import and used. e.g.

import my_module 

A package is a collection of modules in directories that give a package hierarchy.

from my_package.timing.danger.internets import function_of_love 

Documentation for modules

Introduction to packages

Answer 2

Any Python file is a module, its name being the file's base name without the .py extension. A package is a collection of Python modules: while a module is a single Python file, a package is a directory of Python modules containing an additional __init__.py file, to distinguish a package from a directory that just happens to contain a bunch of Python scripts. Packages can be nested to any depth, provided that the corresponding directories contain their own __init__.py file.

The distinction between module and package seems to hold just at the file system level. When you import a module or a package, the corresponding object created by Python is always of type module. Note, however, when you import a package, only variables/functions/classes in the __init__.py file of that package are directly visible, not sub-packages or modules. As an example, consider the xml package in the Python standard library: its xml directory contains an __init__.py file and four sub-directories; the sub-directory etree contains an __init__.py file and, among others, an ElementTree.py file. See what happens when you try to interactively import package/modules:

>>> import xml >>> type(xml) <type 'module'> >>> xml.etree.ElementTree Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'etree' >>> import xml.etree >>> type(xml.etree) <type 'module'> >>> xml.etree.ElementTree Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'ElementTree' >>> import xml.etree.ElementTree >>> type(xml.etree.ElementTree) <type 'module'> >>> xml.etree.ElementTree.parse <function parse at 0x00B135B0> 

In Python there also are built-in modules, such as sys, that are written in C, but I don't think you meant to consider those in your question.