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Ok,
I know all about array_pop(), but that deletes the last element. What's the best way to get the last element of an array without deleting it?
EDIT: Here's a bonus:
$array = array('a' => 'a', 'b' => 'b', 'c' => 'c'); or even
$array = array('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'); unset($array[2]); echo $array[sizeof($array) - 1]; // Output: PHP Notice: Undefined offset: 2 in - on line 4 
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To remove the last element from an array, call the pop() method on the array, e.g. arr. pop() . The pop method removes the last element from the array and returns it.
lastIndexOf() The lastIndexOf() method returns the last index at which a given element can be found in the array, or -1 if it is not present. The array is searched backwards, starting at fromIndex .
To remove last array element in JavaScript, use the pop() method. JavaScript array pop() method removes the last element from an array and returns that element.
Try
$myLastElement = end($yourArray); To reset it (thanks @hopeseekr):
reset($yourArray); Link to manual
@David Murdoch added:
$myLastElement = end(array_values($yourArray)) and now you don't need to call reset().
On E_STRICT this produces the warning
Strict Standards: Only variables should be passed by reference Thanks o_O Tync and everyone!
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The many answers in this thread present us with many different options. To be able to choose from them I needed to understand their behavior and performance. In this answer I will share my findings with you, benchmarked against PHP versions 5.6.38, 7.2.10 and 7.3.0RC1 (expected Dec 13 2018).
The options (<<option code>>s) I will test are:
$x = array_values(array_slice($array, -1))[0]; (as suggested by rolacja)$x = array_slice($array, -1)[0]; (as suggested by Stoutie)$x = array_pop((array_slice($array, -1))); (as suggested by rolacja)$x = array_pop((array_slice($array, -1, 1))); (as suggested by Westy92)$x = end($array); reset($array); (as suggested by Iznogood)$x = end((array_values($array))); (as suggested by TecBrat)$x = $array[count($array)-1]; (as suggested by Mirko Pagliai)$keys = array_keys($array); $x = $array[$keys[count($keys)-1]]; (as suggested by thrau)$x = $array[] = array_pop($array); (as suggested by user2782001)$x = $array[array_key_last($array)]; (as suggested by Quasimodo's clone ; available per PHP 7.3)(functions mentioned: array_key_last , array_keys , array_pop , array_slice , array_values , count , end , reset)
The test inputs (<<input code>>s) to combine with:
$array = null; $array = []; $array = ["a","b","c",null]; $array = ["a","b","c","d"]; $array = []; $array[1] = "a"; $array[2] = "b"; $array[0] = "c"; $array = []; for($i=0;$i<100;$i++) { $array[] = $i; } $array = []; for($i=0;$i<100000;$i++) { $array[] = $i; } For testing I will use the 5.6.38, 7.2.10 and 7.3.0RC1 PHP docker containers like:
sudo docker run -it --rm php:5.6.38-cli-stretch php -r '<<<CODE HERE>>>' Each combination of the above listed <<option code>>s and <<input code>>s will be run on all versions of PHP. For each test run the following code snippet is used:
<<input code>> error_reporting(E_ALL); <<option code>> error_reporting(0); $before=microtime(TRUE); for($i=0;$i<100;$i++){echo ".";for($j=0;$j<100;$j++){ <<option code>> }}; $after=microtime(TRUE); echo "\n"; var_dump($x); echo round(($after-$before)/(100*100)*1000*1000*1000); For each run this will var_dump the last retrieved last value of the test input and print the average duration of one iteration in femtoseconds (0.000000000000001th of a second).
The results are as follows:
/==========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================\ || || T E S T I N P U T - 5 . 6 . 3 8 || T E S T I N P U T - 7 . 2 . 1 0 || T E S T I N P U T - 7 . 3 . 0 R C 1 || || || null | empty | last_null | auto_idx | shuffle | 100 | 100000 || null | empty | last_null | auto_idx | shuffle | 100 | 100000 || null | empty | last_null | auto_idx | shuffle | 100 | 100000 || ||============================OPTIONS - ERRORS==========================++===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============++===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============++===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============<| || 1. $x = array_values(array_slice($array, -1))[0]; || W1 + W2 | N1 | - | - | - | - | - || W1 + W2 | N1 | - | - | - | - | - || W1 + W2 | N1 | - | - | - | - | - || || 2. $x = array_slice($array, -1)[0]; || W1 | N1 | - | - | - | - | - || W1 | N1 | - | - | - | - | - || W1 | N1 | - | - | - | - | - || || 3. $x = array_pop((array_slice($array, -1))); || W1 + W3 | - | - | - | - | - | - || W1 + N2 + W3 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 || W1 + N2 + W3 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 || || 4. $x = array_pop((array_slice($array, -1, 1))); || W1 + W3 | - | - | - | - | - | - || W1 + N2 + W3 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 || W1 + N2 + W3 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 || || 5. $x = end($array); reset($array); || W4 + W5 | - | - | - | - | - | - || W4 + W5 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 || W4 + W5 | - | - | - | - | - | - || || 6. $x = end((array_values($array))); || W2 + W4 | - | - | - | - | - | - || W2 + N2 + W4 | - | - | - | - | - | - || W2 + N2 + W4 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 | N2 || || 7. $x = $array[count($array)-1]; || - | N3 | - | - | - | - | - || W7 | N3 | - | - | - | - | - || W7 | N3 | - | - | - | - | - || || 8. $keys = array_keys($array); $x = $array[$keys[count($keys)-1]]; || W6 | N3 + N4 | - | - | - | - | - || W6 + W7 | N3 + N4 | - | - | - | - | - || W6 + W7 | N3 + N4 | - | - | - | - | - || || 9. $x = $array[] = array_pop($array); || W3 | - | - | - | - | - | - || W3 | - | - | - | - | - | - || W3 | - | - | - | - | - | - || || 10. $x = $array[array_key_last($array)]; || F1 | F1 | F1 | F1 | F1 | F1 | F1 || F2 | F2 | F2 | F2 | F2 | F2 | F2 || W8 | N4 | F2 | F2 | F2 | F2 | F2 || ||========================OPTIONS - VALUE RETRIEVED=====================++===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============++===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============++===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============<| || 1. $x = array_values(array_slice($array, -1))[0]; || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || || 2. $x = array_slice($array, -1)[0]; || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || || 3. $x = array_pop((array_slice($array, -1))); || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || || 4. $x = array_pop((array_slice($array, -1, 1))); || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || || 5. $x = end($array); reset($array); || NULL | bool(false) | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | bool(false) | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | bool(false) | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || || 6. $x = end((array_values($array))); || NULL | bool(false) | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | bool(false) | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | bool(false) | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || || 7. $x = $array[count($array)-1]; || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "b" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "b" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "b" | int(99) | int(99999) || || 8. $keys = array_keys($array); $x = $array[$keys[count($keys)-1]]; || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || || 9. $x = $array[] = array_pop($array); || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || NULL | NULL | NULL | string(1) "d" | string(1) "c" | int(99) | int(99999) || || 10. $x = $array[array_key_last($array)]; || N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A || N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A || N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A || ||=================OPTIONS - FEMTOSECONDS PER ITERATION=================++===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============++===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============++===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============+===============<| || 1. $x = array_values(array_slice($array, -1))[0]; || 803 | 466 | 390 | 384 | 373 | 764 | 1.046.642 || 691 | 252 | 101 | 128 | 93 | 170 | 89.028 || 695 | 235 | 90 | 97 | 95 | 188 | 87.991 || || 2. $x = array_slice($array, -1)[0]; || 414 | 349 | 252 | 248 | 246 | 604 | 1.038.074 || 373 | 249 | 85 | 91 | 90 | 164 | 90.750 || 367 | 224 | 78 | 85 | 80 | 155 | 86.141 || || 3. $x = array_pop((array_slice($array, -1))); || 724 | 228 | 323 | 318 | 350 | 673 | 1.042.263 || 988 | 285 | 309 | 317 | 331 | 401 | 88.363 || 877 | 266 | 298 | 300 | 326 | 403 | 87.279 || || 4. $x = array_pop((array_slice($array, -1, 1))); || 734 | 266 | 358 | 356 | 349 | 699 | 1.050.101 || 887 | 288 | 316 | 322 | 314 | 408 | 88.402 || 935 | 268 | 335 | 315 | 313 | 403 | 86.445 || || 5. $x = end($array); reset($array); || 715 | 186 | 185 | 180 | 176 | 185 | 172 || 674 | 73 | 69 | 70 | 66 | 65 | 70 || 693 | 65 | 85 | 74 | 68 | 70 | 69 || || 6. $x = end((array_values($array))); || 877 | 205 | 320 | 337 | 304 | 2.901 | 7.921.860 || 948 | 300 | 336 | 308 | 309 | 509 | 29.696.951 || 946 | 262 | 301 | 309 | 302 | 499 | 29.234.928 || || 7. $x = $array[count($array)-1]; || 123 | 300 | 137 | 139 | 143 | 140 | 144 || 312 | 218 | 48 | 53 | 45 | 47 | 51 || 296 | 217 | 46 | 44 | 53 | 53 | 55 || || 8. $keys = array_keys($array); $x = $array[$keys[count($keys)-1]]; || 494 | 593 | 418 | 435 | 399 | 3.873 | 12.199.450 || 665 | 407 | 103 | 109 | 114 | 431 | 30.053.730 || 647 | 445 | 91 | 95 | 96 | 419 | 30.718.586 || || 9. $x = $array[] = array_pop($array); || 186 | 178 | 175 | 188 | 180 | 181 | 186 || 83 | 78 | 75 | 71 | 74 | 69 | 83 || 71 | 64 | 70 | 64 | 68 | 69 | 81 || || 10. $x = $array[array_key_last($array)]; || N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A || N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A || 370 | 223 | 49 | 52 | 61 | 57 | 52 || \=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================/ The above mentioned Fatal, Warning and Notice codes translate as:
F1 = Fatal error: Call to undefined function array_key_last() in Command line code on line 1 F2 = Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Call to undefined function array_key_last() in Command line code:1 W1 = Warning: array_slice() expects parameter 1 to be array, null given in Command line code on line 1 W2 = Warning: array_values() expects parameter 1 to be array, null given in Command line code on line 1 W3 = Warning: array_pop() expects parameter 1 to be array, null given in Command line code on line 1 W4 = Warning: end() expects parameter 1 to be array, null given in Command line code on line 1 W5 = Warning: reset() expects parameter 1 to be array, null given in Command line code on line 1 W6 = Warning: array_keys() expects parameter 1 to be array, null given in Command line code on line 1 W7 = Warning: count(): Parameter must be an array or an object that implements Countable in Command line code on line 1 W8 = Warning: array_key_last() expects parameter 1 to be array, null given in Command line code on line 1 N1 = Notice: Undefined offset: 0 in Command line code on line 1 N2 = Notice: Only variables should be passed by reference in Command line code on line 1 N3 = Notice: Undefined offset: -1 in Command line code on line 1 N4 = Notice: Undefined index: in Command line code on line 1 Based on this output I draw the following conclusions:
$x = end((array_values($array))); $keys = array_keys($array); $x = $array[$keys[count($keys)-1]]; $x = end($array); reset($array); $x = $array[count($array)-1]; $x = $array[] = array_pop($array); $x = $array[array_key_last($array)]; (since PHP 7.3)$x = $array[count($array)-1]; (due to use of count)$x = $array[] = array_pop($array); (due to assigning value losing original key)$x = end($array); reset($array); $x = end((array_values($array))); array_key_last function seems to have none of the above mentioned limitations with the exception of still being an RC at the time of this writing (so use the RC or await it's release Dec 2018): $x = $array[array_key_last($array)]; (since PHP 7.3)A bit depending on whether using the array as stack or as queue you can make variations on option 9.
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