What is the shorthand in d3 for the identity function ("function(d) { return d; }")?

Question

Looking through the d3 docs, I see this code (the identity function) repeated everywhere:

function(d) { return d; }

Is there a built-in way in d3 to do this? I know I could create my own no-op identity function and use it everywhere, but it seems like d3 should provide this.

Answer 1

I was wondering why there wasn't a d3.identity function as part of the library, and couldn't find a reason not to have one.

From a performance point of view, defining an identity function gives better performance than reusing the Object constructor. It makes little difference if you reuse the same identity function across different types. Some performance tests are here.

So in my case I abuse D3 and added the function myself:

d3.identity = function(d) { return d; }

If you're using underscore then you can also use the _.identity function.

Regarding using the Object constructor, my assumption is that this creates a new, unnecessary object each time it's called which wastes memory and CPU time, both for creation and garbage collection. This may be optimised away for immutable types such as numbers in some runtimes.

EDIT Phrogz has a brief article showing some useful shorthand for reducing the number of lambdas when working with D3, that includes an identity function.

Answer 2

I used to see Mike do .data(Object) which seems to work

http://tributary.io/inlet/5842519

but I'm not sure why I don't see it around anymore

var svg = d3.select("svg")

var data = [[10,20],[30,40]];
svg.selectAll("g")
.data(data)
.enter()
.append("g")
.attr("transform", function(d,i) { return "translate(" + [i * 100, 0] + ")"})
.selectAll("circle")
//.data(function(d) { console.log(d); return d })
.data(Object)
.enter()
.append("circle")
.attr({
  cx: function(d,i) { return 100 + i * 40 },
  cy: 100,
  r: function(d,i) { return d }
})