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I want to use gunicorn for a REST API application with Flask/Python. What is the purpose of adding nginx here to gunicorn? The gunicorn site recommends using gunicorn with nginx.
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Nginx and Gunicorn work togetherGunicorn translates requests which it gets from Nginx into a format which your web application can handle, and makes sure that your code is executed when needed. They make a great team! Each can do something, which the other can't.
Although there are many HTTP proxies available, we strongly advise that you use Nginx. If you choose another proxy server you need to make sure that it buffers slow clients when you use default Gunicorn workers. Without this buffering Gunicorn will be easily susceptible to denial-of-service attacks.
Gunicorn is a pure-Python HTTP server for WSGI applications. It allows you to run any Python application concurrently by running multiple Python processes within a single dyno. It provides a perfect balance of performance, flexibility, and configuration simplicity.
Nginx is a web server and reverse-proxy responsible for serving static content, gzip compression, ssl, proxy_buffers and other HTTP stuff while gunicorn is a Python HTTP server that interfaces with both nginx and your actual python web-app code to serve dynamic content.
Nginx has some web server functionality (e.g., serving static pages; SSL handling) that gunicorn does not, whereas gunicorn implements WSGI (which nginx does not).
... Wait, why do we need two servers? Think of Gunicorn as the application web server that will be running behind nginx – the front- facing web server. Gunicorn is WSGI-compatible. It can talk to other applications that support WSGI, like Flask or Django.
Source: https://realpython.com/blog/python/kickstarting-flask-on-ubuntu-setup-and-deployment/
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Nginx is a reverse proxy for Gunicorn. Gunicorn serves your Flask app and Nginx sits in front of it and decides where a request should go. For example, if the incoming request is an http request Nginx redirects it to gunicorn, if it is for a static file, it serves it itself. Read more about how to use Nginx and Gunicorn and how to deploy them starting from here.
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