What is the fastest way to compute large power of 2 modulo a number

Question

For 1 <= N <= 1000000000, I need to compute 2N mod 1000000007, and it must be really fast!
My current approach is:

ull power_of_2_mod(ull n) {
    ull result = 1;
    if (n <= 63) {
        result <<= n;
        result = result % 1000000007;
    }
    else {
        ull one = 1;
        one <<= 63;
        while (n > 63) {
            result = ((result % 1000000007) * (one % 1000000007)) % 1000000007;
            n -= 63;
        }

        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
            result = (result * 2) % 1000000007;
        }

    }

    return result;
}

but it doesn't seem to be fast enough. Any idea?

Answer 1

This will be faster (code in C):

typedef unsigned long long uint64;

uint64 PowMod(uint64 x, uint64 e, uint64 mod)
{
  uint64 res;

  if (e == 0)
  {
    res = 1;
  }
  else if (e == 1)
  {
    res = x;
  }
  else
  {
    res = PowMod(x, e / 2, mod);
    res = res * res % mod;
    if (e % 2)
      res = res * x % mod;
  }

  return res;
}

Answer 2

This method doesn't use recursion with O(log(n)) complexity. Check this out.

#define ull unsigned long long
#define MODULO 1000000007

ull PowMod(ull n)
{
    ull ret = 1;
    ull a = 2;
    while (n > 0) {
        if (n & 1) ret = ret * a % MODULO;
        a = a * a % MODULO;
        n >>= 1;
    }
    return ret;
}

And this is pseudo from Wikipedia (see Right-to-left binary method section)

function modular_pow(base, exponent, modulus)
Assert :: (modulus - 1) * (base mod modulus) does not overflow base
result := 1
base := base mod modulus
while exponent > 0
    if (exponent mod 2 == 1):
       result := (result * base) mod modulus
    exponent := exponent >> 1
    base := (base * base) mod modulus
return result