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I am making an iOS app and I wanted to know what the build process is exactly. I don't mean want something like, it compiles, then it links and then its done. I want to know exactly what each step does like android has build steps viz. resource manager, pre-compiler, java builder, package builder, How are these steps taken care of in IOS. Secondly, what is the importance of .app file which is created with xcodebuild command to eventually create .ipa file.
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Xcode also uses instances of the Copy Files build phase to embed frameworks, app extensions, app clips, and other content inside your bundle. You use these build phases to copy other project files into a bundle. For example, you might copy templates for new documents into your app's bundle.
Xcode uses two different compilers: one for Swift and the other for Objective-C, Objective-C++ and C/C++ files. clang is Apple's official compiler for the C languages family. It is open-sourced here: swift-clang. swiftc is a Swift compiler executable which is used by Xcode to compile and run Swift source code.
The Xcode build system manages the tools that transform your code and resource files into a finished app. When you tell Xcode to build your project, the build system analyzes your files and uses your project settings to assemble the set of tasks to perform.
Here are some links that might help:
Joshua Davies walks through building a simple Hello World app outside of Xcode: http://commandlinefanatic.com/cgi-bin/showarticle.cgi?article=art024
A .ipa file is just a zip archive with a predefined structure. The iPhone wiki describes it well: http://theiphonewiki.com/wiki/IPA_File_Format
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