What is the definition of "arithmetic operation" in C99?

Question

In C99, the term arithmetic operation appears 16 times, but I don't see a definition for it.

The term arithmetic operator only appears twice in the text (again without definition) but it does appear in the Index:

arithmetic operators

additive, 6.5.6, G.5.2
bitwise, 6.5.10, 6.5.11, 6.5.12
increment and decrement, 6.5.2.4, 6.5.3.1
multiplicative 6.5.5, G.5.1
shift, 6.5.7
unary, 6.5.3.3

Then we have + - | &(binary) ++ -- *(binary) / % << >> ~ as arithmetic operators, if the Index is considered normative!

Perhaps we should identify arithmetic operation as being the use of an arithmetic operator. But F9.4.5 says that the sqrt() function is also an arithmetic operation, and refers to IEC 60559 (aka. IEEE754) for details. So there must be arithmetic operations that are not just the use of arithmetic operators.