What is the best way to declare global variables in Vue.js?

Question

I need access to my hostname variable in every component.

Is it a good idea to put it inside data?

Am I right in understanding that if I do so, I will able to call it everywhere with this.hostname?

Answer 1

As you need access to your hostname variable in every component, and to change it to localhost while in development mode, or to production hostname when in production mode, you can define this variable in the prototype.

Like this:

Vue.prototype.$hostname = 'http://localhost:3000' 

And $hostname will be available in all Vue instances:

new Vue({   beforeCreate: function () {     console.log(this.$hostname)   } }) 

In my case, to automatically change from development to production, I've defined the $hostname prototype according to a Vue production tip variable in the file where I instantiated the Vue.

Like this:

Vue.config.productionTip = false Vue.prototype.$hostname = (Vue.config.productionTip) ? 'https://hostname' : 'http://localhost:3000' 

An example can be found in the docs: Documentation on Adding Instance Properties

More about production tip config can be found here:

Vue documentation for production tip

Answer 2

Warning: The following answer is using Vue 1.x. The twoWay data mutation is removed from Vue 2.x (fortunately!).

In case of "global" variables—that are attached to the global object, which is the window object in web browsers—the most reliable way to declare the variable is to set it on the global object explicitly:

window.hostname = 'foo'; 

However form Vue's hierarchy perspective (the root view Model and nested components) the data can be passed downwards (and can be mutated upwards if twoWay binding is specified).

For instance if the root viewModel has a hostname data, the value can be bound to a nested component with v-bind directive as v-bind:hostname="hostname" or in short :hostname="hostname".

And within the component the bound value can be accessed through component's props property.

Eventually the data will be proxied to this.hostname and can be used inside the current Vue instance if needed.

var theGrandChild = Vue.extend({    template: '<h3>The nested component has also a "{{foo}}" and a "{{bar}}"</h3>',      props: ['foo', 'bar']  });    var theChild = Vue.extend({    template: '<h2>My awesome component has a "{{foo}}"</h2> \               <the-grandchild :foo="foo" :bar="bar"></the-grandchild>',    props: ['foo'],    data: function() {      return {        bar: 'bar'      };    },    components: {      'the-grandchild': theGrandChild    }  });      // the root view model  new Vue({    el: 'body',    data: {      foo: 'foo'    },    components: {      'the-child': theChild    }  });

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/vue/1.0.16/vue.js"></script>  <h1>The root view model has a "{{foo}}"</h1>  <the-child :foo="foo"></the-child>

---

In cases that we need to mutate the parent's data upwards, we can add a .sync modifier to our binding declaration like :foo.sync="foo" and specify that the given 'props' is supposed to be a twoWay bound data.

Hence by mutating the data in a component, the parent's data would be changed respectively.

For instance:

var theGrandChild = Vue.extend({    template: '<h3>The nested component has also a "{{foo}}" and a "{{bar}}"</h3> \               <input v-model="foo" type="text">',      props: {        'foo': {          twoWay: true        },          'bar': {}      }  });    var theChild = Vue.extend({    template: '<h2>My awesome component has a "{{foo}}"</h2> \               <the-grandchild :foo.sync="foo" :bar="bar"></the-grandchild>',    props: {      'foo': {        twoWay: true      }    },    data: function() {      return { bar: 'bar' };    },      components: {      'the-grandchild': theGrandChild    }  });    // the root view model  new Vue({    el: 'body',    data: {      foo: 'foo'    },    components: {      'the-child': theChild    }  });

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/vue/1.0.16/vue.js"></script>  <h1>The root view model has a "{{foo}}"</h1>  <the-child :foo.sync="foo"></the-child>