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I know that this is a basic question, but i could not find a clear and simple answer for this question.
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The Object class is the parent class of all the classes in java by default. In other words, it is the topmost class of java.
No, we cannot declare a top-level class as private or protected. It can be either public or default (no modifier). If it does not have a modifier, it is supposed to have a default access.
Access level modifiers determine whether other classes can use a particular field or invoke a particular method. There are two levels of access control: At the top level— public , or package-private (no explicit modifier). At the member level— public , private , protected , or package-private (no explicit modifier).
We can't declare outer (top level) class as static because the static keyword is meant for providing memory and executing logic without creating Objects, a class does not have a value logic directly, so the static keyword is not allowed for outer class.
It's simply any class that's not a nested class. If your file is Foo.java, and your class is Foo, then it's a top level class.
// in Foo.java: public class Foo { // top level class public static class NestedBar { // nested class } } I had always thought this was an informal term, but it turns out it's actually defined in the JLS:
A top level class is a class that is not a nested class.
A nested class is any class whose declaration occurs within the body of another class or interface.
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The definition posted is correct, maybe another definition could be: a top-level class is the defined class with the same name of the file '.java' where it's in. however, just as an observation, for the case showed, a nested (not a top-level) 'static' class has the same behavior of a top-level class, in terms of the interaction with the instance members of the class where it has been nested.
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