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Typically, there are two types of applications that use TCP sockets - servers and clients. A TCP server listens on a well-known port (or IP address and port pair) and accepts connections from TCP clients. A TCP client initiates a connection request to a TCP server in order to setup a connection with the server.
The server's code runs first, which opens a port and listens for incoming connection requests from clients. Once a client connects to the same (server) port, the client or server may send a message. Once the message is sent, whoever receives it (server or client) will process it accordingly.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – a connection-oriented communications protocol that facilitates the exchange of messages between computing devices in a network. It is the most common protocol in networks that use the Internet Protocol (IP); together they are sometimes referred to as TCP/IP.
I've used Beej's Guide to Network Programming in the past. It's in C, not C++, but the examples are good. Go directly to section 6 for the simple client and server example programs.
If the code should be simple, then you probably asking for C example based on traditional BSD sockets. Solutions like boost::asio are imho quite complicated when it comes to short and simple "hello world" example.
To compile examples you mentioned you must make simple fixes, because you are compiling under C++ compiler. I'm referring to following files:
http://www.linuxhowtos.org/data/6/server.c
http://www.linuxhowtos.org/data/6/client.c
from: http://www.linuxhowtos.org/C_C++/socket.htm
Add following includes to both files:
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <unistd.h>
In client.c, change the line:
if (connect(sockfd,&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0)
{ ... }
to:
if (connect(sockfd,(const sockaddr*)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0)
{ ... }
As you can see in C++ an explicit cast is needed.
try boost::asio lib (http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_36_0/doc/html/boost_asio.html) it have lot examples.
Although many year ago, clsocket seems a really nice small cross-platform (Windows, Linux, Mac OSX): https://github.com/DFHack/clsocket
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