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Clockless chips are electronic chips that are not using clock for timing signal. They are implemented in asynchronous circuits. An asynchronous circuit is a circuit in which the parts are largely autonomous.
Here's an article from a few years ago that's gung-ho on the technology, but I think the answer can be found in this quote:
Why, for example, did Intel scrap its asynchronous chip? The answer is that although the chip ran three times as fast and used half the electrical power as clocked counterparts, that wasn't enough of an improvement to justify a shift to a radical technology. An asynchronous chip in the lab might be years ahead of any synchronous design, but the design, testing and manufacturing systems that support conventional microprocessor production still have about a 20-year head start on anything that supports asynchronous production. Anyone planning to develop a clockless chip will need to find a way to short-circuit that lead.
"If you get three times the power going with an asynchronous design, but it takes you five times as long to get to the market—well, you lose," says Intel senior scientist Ken Stevens, who worked on the 1997 asynchronous project. "It's not enough to be a visionary, or to say how great this technology is. It all comes back to whether you can make it fast enough, and cheaply enough, and whether you can keep doing it year after year."
There's some information on this subject availableboth here Asynchronous CPU and here History of general purpose CPUs, including a list of (some not so) recent implementations.
Looking at some of the benefits (power consumption, speed) and disadvantages (increased complexity, more difficult to design) it seems logical that in recent years the development seems to have focussed on embedded designs:
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