what does this line of code "#define LIBINJECTION_SQLI_TOKEN_SIZE sizeof(((stoken_t*)(0))->val)" do?

Question

In particular I'd like to know what ->val does in the

sizeof(((stoken_t*)(0))->val)

and what stoken_t*(0) pointer do, in particular what the (0) means?

I hope I have formulated my question clearly enough.

Answer 1

This is a way of accessing a member of a structure at compile time, without needing to have a variable defined of that structure type.

The cast (stoken_t*) to a value of 0 emulates a pointer of that structure type, allowing you to make use of the -> operator on that, just like you would use it on a pointer variable of that type.

To add, as sizeof is a compile time operator, the expression is not evaluated at run-time, so unlike other cases, here there is no null-pointer dereference happening.

It is analogous to something like

stoken_t * ptr;
sizeof(ptr->val);

Answer 2

In detail:

(stoken_t*)(0) simply casts 0 (this could be an arbitrary numeric literal) to a pointer to stoken_t, ((stoken_t*)(0)->val) is then the type of the val member of stoken_t and sizeof returns the number of bytes this type occupies in memory. In short, this expression finds the size of a struct member at compile time without the need for an instance of that struct type.