What does the ^= operator do in Perl?

Question

I am searching in the documentation what the ^= assigment operator does.

The only thing I could find so far is:

Other assignment operators work similarly. The following are recognized:

  **=    +=    *=    &=    &.=    <<=    
   -=    /=    |=    |.=   >>=    ||=
   .=    %=    ^=    ^.=   //=    &&=

What is the result of $c ^= $r;?

Answer 1

In Perl ^= is a syntactic sugar for xor operator

$xor_sum = $xor_sum ^ $i;

can be rewritten as

$xor_sum ^= $i;