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What does ${} means in JSP? For example,
<c:if test="${!empty cookie.lang}"> <fmt:setLocale value="${cookie.lang.value}" /> </c:if> 
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When the JSP compiler sees the ${} form in an attribute, it generates code to evaluate the expression and substitues the value of expresson. You can also use the JSP EL expressions within template text for a tag. For example, the <jsp:text> tag simply inserts its content within the body of a JSP.
The ${} syntax allows us to put an expression in it and it will produce the value, which in our case above is just a variable that holds a string! There is something to note here: if you wanted to add in values, like above, you do not need to use a Template Literal for the name variable.
In a Java program, everything is subordinate to the top line — the line with class in it. To indicate that everything else in the code is subordinate to this class line, you use curly braces. Everything else in the code goes inside these curly braces. \
Different programming languages have various ways to delineate the start and end points of a programming structure, such as a loop, method or conditional statement. For example, Java and C++ are often referred to as curly brace languages because curly braces are used to define the start and end of a code block.
its an El expression basically it outputs the value that result from evaluating the expression, to put it simply, it allows you to access the values of the properties of your java beans using "dots" instead of using getters and setters, using it you can access instances of beans that can be in session,request, or page scope
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It is Expression Language. Before EL evolved, the same purpose was achieved by using scriptlets <%=..%>The primary purpose of using this syntax is to avoid scriptlets in jsp. Scriptlets and the enclosed java code is considered bad practise because jsps are not 'supposed' to have java code. At least that is the theory.
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