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I know that cURL is a command line utility that lets you send an HTTP request, but what does that 'c' stand for?
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curl (short for "Client URL") is a command line tool that enables data transfer over various network protocols. It communicates with a web or application server by specifying a relevant URL and the data that need to be sent or received. curl is powered by libcurl, a portable client-side URL transfer library.
The -d or --data option makes the curl command send data in POST request to the server. This option makes the curl command pass data to the server using content-type (JSON in your case) just as the browser does when a user submits a form.
-F tells curl to emulate a filled in HTML Form that has just had it's submit button clicked.
It uses URL syntax to transfer data to and from servers. curl is a widely used because of its ability to be flexible and complete complex tasks. For example, you can use curl for things like user authentication, HTTP post, SSL connections, proxy support, FTP uploads, and more!
From their website:
cURL is the name of the project. The name is a play on 'Client for URLs', originally with URL spelled in uppercase to make it obvious it deals with URLs. The fact it can also be pronounced 'see URL' also helped, it works as an abbreviation for "Client URL Request Library" or why not the recursive version: "Curl URL Request Library".
http://curl.haxx.se/docs/faq.html#What_is_cURL
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