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What features can I use in HTML5 and CSS3 without thinking too much about IE6 and similar? What features should I avoid?
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There is no difference. Just like HTML and HTML5. CSS3 is simply the newer “version” of CSS which has more advanced features than earlier “releases.” Likewise, HTML5 simply is HTML and CSS3 is simply CSS. Both HTML5 and CSS3 became marketing buzzwords way above and beyond the technologies that they are referring.
First and foremost feature is the support of multimedia in HTML5. Yes HTML5 supports both audio and video files to be played in a browser.
What features can I use in HTML5 and CSS3 without thinking too much about IE6 and similar?
Define "too much". Anything that is in HTML 4 and CSS 1 makes for a very safe baseline…
On a more practical note caniuse will tell you when support for a particular feature has been added. You then need to decide if it will degrade cleanly or not.
That said, don't go looking HTML 5 / CSS 3 / etc features to use. If you have a problem, look for a solution. Don't look for a solution and then try a find a problem to solve with it.
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http://www.caniuse.com/ is a great resource when you have a particular feature in mind to use - but are but sure the of browser compatibility.
In addition, many HTML5/CSS3 features have additional links with further information available on Can I Use.
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Paul Irish has an awesome commented HTML5 Boilerplate.
From "Why it is awesome":
Cross-browser compatible (IE6, yeah we got that.) HTML5 ready. Use the new tags with certainty.
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