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Are there any automatic, online or off, tools for testing xhtml/css for compliance with screen readers and other visual guidelines of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?
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Websites are covered by the ADA. The U.S. Department of Justice has interpreted Title III of the ADA to include websites as places of public accommodation, while Title I requires employers with 15 or more employees to comply.
Can a website ever be 100% ADA-compliant? The short answer is no. ADA compliance isn't a “pass-fail” test. Rather, it's a spectrum; a website can be more compliant or less compliant based on how closely it meets the WCAG guidelines.
ADA website compliance applies to the Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design. It requires that all electronic information and technology—i.e, your website—must be accessible to those with disabilities.
I'm in agreement with @Jim that accessibility compliance is at the moment is not a 100% objective science.
Take the classic case of image alt text. Suppose a story about education in America includes a closeup photo of a smiling female Hispanic student, approximately ten years old, at a desk in a classroom writing on a piece of paper with a pencil. The WCAG1 guideline says to include a "text equivalent" for every image. Some would suggest that alt="young Hispanic girl at a desk in a classroom" would not provide enough meaning to convey equally what the photo shows. Others would argue that it conveys too much, that it's just a stock art filler and that alt="girl at desk" is appropriate. Others would argue that the photo represents a point made in the article and that alt="Education policies of the past 10 years have affected minority students most." is the most appropriate alt text.
So even experts in the field can disagree on what is best for this one simple situation. Automated tools can only detect whether alt text is missing -- not whether it provides a text equivalent. And we can all agree that placing alt="[image]" does not meet the intent nor the guideline of providing a text equivalent.
There are some online checkers that can test for some of these issues. Chris Pederick's Web Developer Extension for Firefox provides easy access to test against WAI and 508 -- as does the IE Developer Toolbar.
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No automated tool can tell you whether a website is accessible. There are tools, such as Rational Policy Tester, that can identify potential problem areas, but they only work in conjunction with manual checking by a person with a good understanding of the requirements. A good place to start looking for your tools is at the WAI.
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