Using pivot table with column and row totals in sql server 2008

Question

I have a table with following columns

defect_id, developer_name, status, summary, root_cause, 
Secondary_RC, description, Comments, environment_name

The column root_cause has Enviro, Requi, Dev, TSc, TD, Unkn as its values and column environment_name has QA1, QA2, QA3

I need to prepare a report in the below format

    Enviro Requi  Dev TSc  TD Unkn  Total
QA1    9    1     14   17   2   3   46
QA2    8    1     14   0    5   1   29
QA3    1    1      7   0    0   1   10
Total 18    3     35   17   7   5   85

I have prepare the report till

    Enviro Requi  Dev  TSc  TD Unkn 
QA1    9    1     14    17   2  3   
QA2    8    1     14    0    5  1   
QA3    1    1      7    0    0  1   

I used the below query to get the above result

select *
from
(
  select environment_name as " ", value
  from test1 
  unpivot
  (
     value
    for col in (root_cause)
  ) unp
) src
pivot
(
  count(value)
  for value in ([Enviro] , [Requi] , [Dev] , [Tsc], [TD] , [Unkn])
) piv

Can anyone help to get the totals for columns and rows?

Answer 1

There may be various approaches to this. You can calculate all the totals after the pivot, or you can get the totals first, then pivot all the results. It is also possible to have kind of middle ground: get one kind of the totals (e.g. the row-wise ones), pivot, then get the other kind, although that might be overdoing it.

The first of the mentioned approaches, getting all the totals after the pivot, could be done in a very straightforward way, and the only thing potentially new to you in the below implementation might be GROUP BY ROLLUP():

SELECT
  [ ]      = ISNULL(environment_name, 'Total'),
  [Enviro] = SUM([Enviro]),
  [Requi]  = SUM([Requi]),
  [Dev]    = SUM([Dev]),
  [Tsc]    = SUM([Tsc]),
  [TD]     = SUM([TD]),
  [Unkn]   = SUM([Unkn]),
  Total    = SUM([Enviro] + [Requi] + [Dev] + [Tsc] + [TD] + [Unkn])
FROM (
  SELECT environment_name, root_cause
  FROM test1
) s
PIVOT (
  COUNT(root_cause)
  FOR root_cause IN ([Enviro], [Requi], [Dev], [Tsc], [TD], [Unkn])
) p
GROUP BY
  ROLLUP(environment_name)
;

Basically, the GROUP BY ROLLUP() part produces the Total row for you. The grouping is first done by environment_name, then the grand total row is added.

To do just the opposite, i.e. get the totals prior to pivoting, you could employ GROUP BY CUBE() like this:

SELECT
  [ ]      = environment_name,
  [Enviro] = ISNULL([Enviro], 0),
  [Requi]  = ISNULL([Requi] , 0),
  [Dev]    = ISNULL([Dev]   , 0),
  [Tsc]    = ISNULL([Tsc]   , 0),
  [TD]     = ISNULL([TD]    , 0),
  [Unkn]   = ISNULL([Unkn]  , 0),
  Total    = ISNULL(Total   , 0)
FROM (
  SELECT
    environment_name = ISNULL(environment_name, 'Total'),
    root_cause       = ISNULL(root_cause,       'Total'),
    cnt              = COUNT(*)
  FROM test1
  WHERE root_cause IS NOT NULL
  GROUP BY
    CUBE(environment_name, root_cause)
) s
PIVOT (
  SUM(cnt)
  FOR root_cause IN ([Enviro], [Requi], [Dev], [Tsc], [TD], [Unkn], Total)
) p
;

Both methods can be tested and played with at SQL Fiddle:

• Method 1

• Method 2

Note. I've omitted the unpivoting step in both suggestions because unpivoting a single column seemed clearly redundant. If there's more to it, though, adjusting either of the queries should be easy.

Answer 2

You can find Total for root_cause and environment_name using ROLLUP.

• RNO_COLTOTAL - Logic to place Total in last column, since the columns Tsc,Unkn will overlap the column Total when pivoting, since its ordering alphabetically.
• RNO_ROWTOTAL - Logic to place Total in last row since a value that is starting with U,W,X,Y,Z can overlap the value Total, since its ordering alphabetically.
• SUM(VALUE) - Can define on what aggregate function we can use with ROLLUP.

QUERY 1

SELECT CASE WHEN root_cause IS NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END RNO_COLTOTAL, 
CASE WHEN environment_name IS NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END RNO_ROWTOTAL,
ISNULL(environment_name,'Total')environment_name,
ISNULL(root_cause,'Total')root_cause,
SUM(VALUE) VALUE
INTO #NEWTABLE
FROM
(
    -- Find the count for environment_name,root_cause
    SELECT DISTINCT *,COUNT(*) OVER(PARTITION BY environment_name,root_cause)VALUE 
    FROM #TEMP
)TAB
GROUP BY root_cause,environment_name
WITH CUBE

We will get the following logic when CUBE is used

We declare variables for pivoting.

• @cols - Column values for pivoting.
• @NulltoZeroCols - Replace null values with zero.

QUERY 2

DECLARE @cols NVARCHAR (MAX)

SELECT @cols = COALESCE (@cols + ',[' + root_cause + ']', 
               '[' + root_cause + ']')
               FROM    (SELECT DISTINCT RNO_COLTOTAL,root_cause FROM #NEWTABLE) PV 
               ORDER BY  RNO_COLTOTAL,root_cause 

DECLARE @NulltoZeroCols NVARCHAR (MAX)

SET @NullToZeroCols = SUBSTRING((SELECT ',ISNULL(['+root_cause+'],0) AS ['+root_cause+']' 
FROM(SELECT DISTINCT RNO_COLTOTAL,root_cause FROM #NEWTABLE GROUP BY RNO_COLTOTAL,root_cause)TAB  
ORDER BY RNO_COLTOTAL  FOR XML PATH('')),2,8000) 

Now pivot it dynamically

DECLARE @query NVARCHAR(MAX)
SET @query = 'SELECT environment_name,'+ @NulltoZeroCols +' FROM 
             (
                 SELECT RNO_ROWTOTAL,environment_name,root_cause,VALUE
                 FROM #NEWTABLE
             ) x
             PIVOT 
             (
                 MIN(VALUE)
                 FOR [root_cause] IN (' + @cols + ')
            ) p
            ORDER BY RNO_ROWTOTAL,environment_name;' 

EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @query

RESULT