thanks_in_advance questions

• What is the name and reason for the [1] at the output prompt?
• mysqli version of mysql pattern
• How can this be called Pass By Reference?
• Is there a logical way to think about List Indexing?
• global frame vs. stack frame
• "Cannot update during an existing state transition" error in React
• PHP: get_current_user() vs. exec('whoami')
• ReCaptcha 2.0: enable Submit button on callback if recaptcha successful

thanks_in_advance answers