J. Mini questions

• Can eval be called within a data frame with variables defined in that data frame?
• Why can't I combine Reduce with paste when using "*" as a character?
• Does R have a distinction between character vectors and strings?
• Is this a correct characterisation of the behaviours of square brackets in Scheme, Racket, Common Lisp, and Clojure?
• In what sense are types in Common Lisp first-class?
• Value tuples exist, so why use the "out" parameter modifier? [closed]
• How are apply family functions scoped?
• R's switch statement is not a special form, is it therefore slow?
• Can R Markdown be made to preview from anywhere other than the start of the document?
• How can I make R's output more verbose so as to reassure me that it hasn't broken yet?

J. Mini answers