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I read the documentation of url_encode.
Is there a table that tells me exactly which character is encoded to what, using url_encode?
848
ERB's url_encode can be tweaked:
def url_encode(s)
s.to_s.dup.force_encoding("ASCII-8BIT").gsub(%r[^a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]/) {
sprintf("%%%02X", $&.unpack("C")[0])
}
end
to:
def url_encode(s, regex=%r[^a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]/)
s.to_s.dup.force_encoding("ASCII-8BIT").gsub(regex) {
sprintf("%%%02X", $&.unpack("C")[0])
}
end
url_encode('pop', /./)
=> "%70%6F%70"
In addition, Ruby's CGI and URI modules have the ability to encode URLs, converting restricted characters to entities, so don't overlook their offerings.
For instance, escaping characters for URL parameters:
CGI.escape('http://www.example.com')
=> "http%3A%2F%2Fwww.example.com"
CGI.escape('<body><p>foo</p></body>')
=> "%3Cbody%3E%3Cp%3Efoo%3C%2Fp%3E%3C%2Fbody%3E"
Ruby CGI's escape also uses a small regex to figure out which characters should be escaped in a URL. This is the method's definition from the documentation:
def CGI::escape(string)
string.gsub(%r([^ a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+)/) do
'%' + $1.unpack('H2' * $1.bytesize).join('%').upcase
end.tr(' ', '+')
end
You also override that and change the regex, or expose it for your own use inside your redefinition of the method:
def CGI::escape(string, escape_regex=%r([^ a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+)/)
string.gsub(escape_regex) do
'%' + $1.unpack('H2' * $1.bytesize).join('%').upcase
end.tr(' ', '+')
end
URI.encode_www_form_component also does a similar encoding, the only differences in characters are * and :
URI.encode_www_form_component('<p>foo</p>')
=> "%3Cp%3Efoo%3C%2Fp%3E"
And, similarly to overriding CGI::escape, you can override the regex in URI.encode_www_form_component:
def self.encode_www_form_component(str, regex=%r[^*\-.0-9A-Z_a-z]/)
str = str.to_s
if HTML5ASCIIINCOMPAT.include?(str.encoding)
str = str.encode(Encoding::UTF_8)
else
str = str.dup
end
str.force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT)
str.gsub!(regex, TBLENCWWWCOMP_)
str.force_encoding(Encoding::US_ASCII)
end
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