After reviewing this I realised I still have a few questions left regarding the topic.
Are there any characters that should be 'left out' for legitimate security purposes? This includes all characters, such as brackets, commas, apostrophes, and parentheses.
While on this subject, I admittedly don't understand why admins seem to enjoy enforcing the "you can only use the alphabet, numbers, and spaces" rule. Does anything else have the potential to be a security flaw or break something I'm not aware of (even in ASCII)? As far as I've seen during my coding days there is absolutely no reason that any character should be barred from being in a username.
Unicode is the magic system used so all the different letters and symbols from languages around the world can be used on a computer. Seriously, its nothing short of amazing (representing over 110 thousand characters)! And they make for the ultimate geek password!
It is 2018 and Google's Authentication API now supports unicode passwords.
To insert a Unicode character, type the character code, press ALT, and then press X.
Numbers, mathematical notation, popular symbols and characters from all languages are assigned a code point, for example, U+0041 is an English letter "A." Below is an example of how "Computer Hope" would be written in English Unicode. A common type of Unicode is UTF-8, which utilizes 8-bit character encoding.
There's no security reason to not use certain characters. If you're properly handling all input, it doesn't make any difference whether you're only handling alphanumeric characters or Chinese.
It is easier to handle only alphnum usernames. You don't need to think about ambiguity with collations in your database, encoding usernames in URLs and things like that. But again, if you're properly handling it, there's no technical reason against it.
For practical reasons passwords are often only alphanumeric. Most password inputs don't accept IME input for example, so it's almost impossible to have a Japanese password. There's no security reason for disallowing non-alphanum characters though. On the contrary, the larger the usable alphabet, the better.
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