Understanding ruby .class and .ancestors methods

Question

I have a class defined as below

class Order end  puts Order.class #-> Class puts Order.ancestors #-> [Order, Object, Kernel, BasicObject]  puts Order.class.ancestors #->[Class, Module, Object, Kernel, BasicObject] 

My question is why is it that Order.ancestors doesn't show 'Class' or 'Module' in ancestors chain? Since Order is an object of the class Class, shouldn't Order show all the ancestors of Class?

Answer 1

For that you need to see how the Ruby object model looks.

That means the classes created using keyword class will always be the subclass of Object by default. Class is not the superclass of your class Order, rather it is an instance of class Class.Module#ancestors will include list of modules included in mod (including mod itself) and the superclass of your class Order.

class Order;end Order.superclass # => Object Order.superclass.superclass # => BasicObject Order.superclass.included_modules # => [Kernel] 

So if you look at the output and understand the above code,then the below should now be clear to you:

Order.ancestors #-> [Order, Object, Kernel, BasicObject] 

Now see,

class Order;end Order.class # => Class Order.instance_of? Class # => true Order.class.superclass # => Module Order.class.superclass.superclass # => Object Order.class.superclass.superclass.included_modules # => [Kernel] 

So if you look at the output and understand the above code, then the below should now be clear to you:

Order.class.ancestors #->[Class, Module, Object, Kernel, BasicObject] 

That said Order.ancestors is giving you the ancestors of the class Order,whereas Order.class.ancestors is giving you the ancestors of the Class.