TypeError: int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a number, not 'list'

Question

I having trouble passing a function as a parameter to another function. This is my code:

ga.py:

def display_pageviews(hostname):     pageviews_results = get_pageviews_query(service, hostname).execute()     if pageviews_results.get('rows', []):         pv = pageviews_results.get('rows')         return pv[0]     else:         return None   def get_pageviews_query(service, hostname):       return service.data().ga().get(         ids=VIEW_ID,         start_date='7daysAgo',         end_date='today',         metrics='ga:pageviews',         sort='-ga:pageviews',         filters='ga:hostname==%s' % hostname,) 

models.py:

class Stats(models.Model):     user = models.OneToOneField('auth.User')     views = models.IntegerField()     visits = models.IntegerField()     unique_visits = models.IntegerField() 

updatestats.py:

class Command(BaseCommand):      def handle(self, *args, **options):         users = User.objects.all()         try:             for user in users:                 hostname = '%s.%s' % (user.username, settings.NETWORK_DOMAIN)                 stats = Stats.objects.update_or_create(                     user=user,                     views=display_pageviews(hostname),                     visits=display_visits(hostname),                     unique_visits=display_unique_visits(hostname),)         except FieldError:             print ('There was a field error.') 

When I run this: python manage.py updatestats I get the error:

TypeError: int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a number, not 'list'

I don't know what's causing this. I've tried converting it to a string, but I get the same error. Any ideas?

Full traceback:

Traceback (most recent call last):   File "manage.py", line 20, in <module>     execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 353, in execute_from_command_line     utility.execute()   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 345, in execute     self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 348, in run_from_argv     self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 399, in execute     output = self.handle(*args, **options)   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/project_files/project/main/management/commands/updatestats.py", line 23, in handle     unique_visits=display_unique_visits(hostname),)   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 122, in manager_method     return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 480, in update_or_create     obj = self.get(**lookup)   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 378, in get     clone = self.filter(*args, **kwargs)   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 790, in filter     return self._filter_or_exclude(False, *args, **kwargs)   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 808, in _filter_or_exclude     clone.query.add_q(Q(*args, **kwargs))   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 1243, in add_q     clause, _ = self._add_q(q_object, self.used_aliases)   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 1269, in _add_q     allow_joins=allow_joins, split_subq=split_subq,   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 1203, in build_filter     condition = self.build_lookup(lookups, col, value)   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 1099, in build_lookup     return final_lookup(lhs, rhs)   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/lookups.py", line 19, in __init__     self.rhs = self.get_prep_lookup()   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/lookups.py", line 57, in get_prep_lookup     return self.lhs.output_field.get_prep_lookup(self.lookup_name, self.rhs)   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 1860, in get_prep_lookup     return super(IntegerField, self).get_prep_lookup(lookup_type, value)   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 744, in get_prep_lookup     return self.get_prep_value(value)   File "/Users/myusername/project/Dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 1854, in get_prep_value     return int(value) TypeError: int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a number, not 'list' 

Edit:

Alright, I understand what the issue is. I used the shell to get the type of function output:

>>> type(display_pageviews('test.domain.com')) <class 'list'> 

I tried with this but it is still considered as a list:

pv = pageviews_results.get('rows')[0]     return pv 

Answer 1

What the error is telling, is that you can't convert an entire list into an integer. You could get an index from the list and convert that into an integer:

x = ["0", "1", "2"]  y = int(x[0]) #accessing the zeroth element 

If you're trying to convert a whole list into an integer, you are going to have to convert the list into a string first:

x = ["0", "1", "2"] y = ''.join(x) # converting list into string z = int(y) 

If your list elements are not strings, you'll have to convert them to strings before using str.join:

x = [0, 1, 2] y = ''.join(map(str, x)) z = int(y) 

Also, as stated above, make sure that you're not returning a nested list.