The awaitable and awaiter In C# 5.0 Asynchronous

Question

Task or Task<TResult> object is awaitable, so we can use await key on those whose return value is Task or Task<TResult>. Task or Task<TResult> are the most frequently-used awaitable object.

We also can define our own awaitable object.The object should has below qualification.

1. It has a GetAwaiter() method (instance method or extension method);
2. Its GetAwaiter() method returns an awaiter. An object is an awaiter if:
   • It implements INotifyCompletion or ICriticalNotifyCompletion interface;
   • It has an IsCompleted, which has a getter and returns a Boolean;
   • it has a GetResult() method, which returns void, or a result.

My question is that why Microsoft didn't provide a interface to constrain these awaitable object? The current method to implement awaitable object is a little complicated.

Answer 1

It is best answered in Lucian Wischik's blog post Why must async methods return Task?

In summary (and I am not doing the blog post justice, you should read it), the issue is that Task already exists, so introducing an interface would mean

• All the internal methods would need to be changed to the interface, a break change and thus almost impossible for the framework people to willingly do.
• As a programmer you would constantly need to decide if you want to return Task or the interface, a decision that doesn't matter much.
• The compiler would always need a concrete type, so even if you returned an interface from a method then it would still be compiled as Task.

The impact from the above is so massive that it doesn't make sense to provide an interface.

Answer 2

This is in line with what they did for the foreach keyword (see section 8.8.4 of the C# language specification "The foreach statement").

Basically, it's duck-typing; if the type implements a MoveNext method and a Current property, that's all that's needed for the C# compiler to know how to iterate through a sequence exposed by an object.

This also applies with collection initializers (see section 7.6.10.3 of the C# language specification "Collection Initializers"); the only requirement is that the type implements the System.Collections.IEnumerable interface and have an Add method.

That said, the await keyword just sticks to prior precedent, not requiring specific interface implementations (although the interfaces supply those methods if you choose to use them), just a pattern of methods that the compiler can recognize.