template aliases and sfinae

Question

In the case of a substitution failure involving a template alias (e.g. a template alias on a missing member typename, as in the code snippet below), should an error be triggered ?

Clang and gcc seem to disagree on this:

// some types
struct bar { };

struct foo {
    typedef void member_type;
};


// template alias
template<class T>
using member = typename T::member_type;


template<class T>
void baz(... ) { }

// only works for gcc, clang fails with: no type named 'member_type'
// in 'bar'
template<class T>
void baz( member<T>* ) { }


int main(int, char** ) {

    baz<bar>(0);            // picks first
    baz<foo>(0);            // picks second

    return 0;
}

So the question is: who is correct, and why ?

Thanks :-)

Answer 1

According to the Standards, it is clearly GCC that is correct, because the alias template must immediately be replaced and then normal/usual SFINAE is applied to typename T::member_type later when T is known.

But there currently is an issue for this, see http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/cwg_active.html#1554.

According to the meetings outcome, it appears that clangs behavior is desired: The substitution of T will be done in the context of the alias template (even though at the time of substitution in typename T::member_type, there is no reference to the alias template anymore - it will still need to be referenced as the source of where the parameter type pattern originated from, if this is how it's implemented).

---

This is similar to another situation where patterns are thrown away on definition time that could influence instantiation semantics

template<int I>
void f(int x[I]);

int main() {
  f<0>(nullptr);
}

In this case too, in my opinion the Standard normatively is clear that the parameter is immediately being replaced by int* and thus the instantiation works. See http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/cwg_active.html#1322 .