System.NotSupportedException : Unsupported expression: x => x

Question

I'm currently trying to moq my Cafe Get method which will throw a ArgumentNullexception if the cafe ID is not found.

Error

System.NotSupportedException : Unsupported expression: x => x.Cafe Non-overridable members (here: Context.get_Cafe) may not be used in setup / verification expressions.

Is this occurring because moq is unable to handle one of the setup expressions?

Unit test

[Fact]
public async Task GetCafeByIdAsync_Should_Throw_ArgumentNullException()
{
    var cafe = new List<Cafe>()
    {
        new Cafe { Name = "Hanna", CafeId = 1},
        new Cafe { Name = "Bella", CafeId = 2 }
    }.AsQueryable();

    var mockSet = new Mock<DbSet<Cafe>>();
    mockSet.As<IQueryable<Cafe>>().Setup(m => m.Provider).Returns(cafe.Provider);
    mockSet.As<IQueryable<Cafe>>().Setup(m => m.Expression).Returns(cafe.Expression);
    mockSet.As<IQueryable<Cafe>>().Setup(m => m.ElementType).Returns(cafe.ElementType);
    mockSet.As<IQueryable<Cafe>>().Setup(m => m.GetEnumerator()).Returns(cafe.GetEnumerator());

    var mapper = new MapperConfiguration(cfg =>
    {
        cfg.AddProfile(new AutoMapperProfile());
    }).CreateMapper();

    var contextMock = new Mock<Context>();
    contextMock.Setup(x => x.Cafe).Returns(mockSet.Object); //failing here

    var cafeService = new CafeService(contextMock.Object, mapper);

    await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ArgumentNullException>(() => cafeService.Get(2));
}

SUT

public async Task<VersionResponse> Get(int cafeId)
{
    var cafe = await _context.Cafe.Where(w => w.CafeId == cafeId).ToResponse().FirstOrDefaultAsync();
    return new VersionResponse()
    {
        Data = cafe
    };
}

Answer 1

Moq relies on being able to create a proxy class that overrides properties. The Context.Cafe can't be overridden. Try declaring that property virtual.

public virtual IDbSet<Cafe> Cafe { get; set; }