Subclassing String in JavaScript

Question

I have a string method String.prototype.splitName() that splits an author's name (a string) in first name(s) and a last name. The statement var name = authorName.splitname(); returns an object literal name with name.first = "..." and name.last = "..." (properties of name have string values).

Recently I was told that it is unwise to have splitName() as a method of the public String() class, but that I should make a private subclass of String and extend the subclass (instead of the public class) with my function. My question is: how do I perform subclassing for strings so that after I assign authorName to the new subclass name = authorName.splitname(); is still a valid statement? And how would I assign authorName to the new private subclass of String?

Answer 1

Inspired by https://gist.github.com/NV/282770 I answer my own question. In the ECMAScript-5 code below I define an object class "StringClone". By (1) the class inherits all properties from the native class "String". An instance of "StringClone" is an object to which the methods of "String" cannot be applied without a trick. When a string method is applied, JavaScript invokes the methods "toString()" and/or "valueOf()". By overriding these methods in (2), the instance of class "StringClone" is made to behave like a string. Finally, the property "length" of an instance becomes read-only, which is why (3) is introduced.

// Define class StringClone
function StringClone(s) {
    this.value = s || '';
    Object.defineProperty(this, 'length', {get:
                function () { return this.value.length; }});    //(3)
};
StringClone.prototype = Object.create(String.prototype);        //(1)
StringClone.prototype.toString = StringClone.prototype.valueOf
                               = function(){return this.value}; //(2)

// Example, create instance author:
var author = new StringClone('John Doe');  
author.length;           // 8
author.toUpperCase();    // JOHN DOE

// Extend class with a trivial method
StringClone.prototype.splitName = function(){
     var name = {first: this.substr(0,4), last: this.substr(4) };
     return name;
}

author.splitName().first; // John
author.splitName().last;  // Doe