Static positioned elements affect Absolute position of subsequent sibling elements

Question

I understand that any element with position: absolute will be positioned relative to the nearest ancestor with a positional attribute such as absolute or relative. This is mentioned in various answers for example here. Also on the w3schools site here...

An element with position: absolute; is positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor (instead of positioned relative to the viewport, like fixed).

However, inserting a static element appears to disrupt this rule and shifts the absolute element. I'd like to understand why that happens. See code snippet below.

If the static element is chaged to absolute, the subsequent elements are displayed as expected (according to the nearesst positional ancestor rule).

div.relative {
    position: relative;
    width: 440px;
    height: 600px;
    border: 3px solid #73AD21;
} 
div.static {
position: static;
    width: 200px;
    height: 100px;
    border: 3px solid #73ADff;
}
div.absolute {
    position: absolute;
    width: 200px;
    height: 100px;
    border: 3px solid #73AD21;
}
div.absolute2 {
  left:210px;
    position: absolute;
    width: 200px;
    height: 100px;
    border: 3px solid #ffAD21;
}

<div class="relative">This div element has position: relative;
   <div class="static">This div element has position: static</div>
  <div class="absolute">This div element has position: absolute, but is positioned relative to the preceding static element, not the first positional ancestor.;</div>
    <div class="absolute2">This div element also has position: absolute;</div>

</div>

Answer 1

As this answer explains, if there is no (top, left, right, bottom) attributes the position: absolute element will be positioned by default as if it was part of the normal flow , this is helpful in case you want to maintain a position: absolute next to its sibling like a tool tip would, and manipulate it with margin property, let say:

margin-top:-40px;
margin-left:30px;

but if you set any (top,left,right, bottom), this will reset the default position and will be relative to the parent.

top:0

Answer 2

When W3Schools (and the CSS spec) says that an element is "positioned relative to" something, it is never referring to the element's siblings. It's referring to the element's containing block.

The reason a non-positioned element (position: static) affects the layout of subsequent absolutely positioned elements with auto offsets is because absposed elements with auto offsets will assume their static position (see this answer as well as this one RenzoCC links to), and an element's static position, by nature, is influenced by the layout of surrounding elements, especially preceding siblings.

What absolutely positioning an element without changing any of its offsets does, is cause elements that follow it to be laid out as if that element itself were not there. This is what taking an element out of the flow means.