There is two types of state machine diagram:
State machine diagram
Protocol state machine
but I can't get the precise differences between them
A Protocol State Machine is always defined in the context of a classifier. It specifies which Operations of the classifier can be called, in which State, and under which condition, thus specifying the allowable call sequences on the classifier's operations.
Composite state – We use a rounded rectangle to represent a composite state also. We represent a state with internal activities using a composite state. Final state – We use a filled circle within a circle notation to represent the final state in a state machine diagram.
A state diagram, sometimes known as a state machine diagram, is a type of behavioral diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) that shows transitions between various objects. Using our collaborative UML diagram software, build your own state machine diagram with a free Lucidchart account today!
UML State machine diagram and activity diagram are both behavioral diagrams but have different emphases. Activity diagram is flow of functions without trigger (event) mechanism, state machine is consist of triggered states.
Protocol state machine IS state machine, a special case of state machine, applied to protocol specification.
In summary, Protocol state machine is a concrete application of a plain UML state machines to protocol specification/modelling.
You might want to read this article to learn more about the protocol state machine and how it employs UML state machine:
http://www.uml-diagrams.org/protocol-state-machine-diagrams.html
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