SQL selecting rows where one column's value is common across another criteria column

Question

I have a cross reference table that looks like this:

id  document_id  subject_id
1   8            21
2   5            17
3   5            76
4   7            88
5   9            17
6   9            76
7   2            76

It matches documents to subjects. Documents can be members of more than one subject. I want to return rows from this table where a given document matches all the subjects in a given set. For example, given the set of subjects:

(17,76)

I want to return only rows for documents which match all the subjects in that set (at least) somewhere in the cross reference table. The desired output set given the above set would be:

id  document_id  subject_id
2   5            17
3   5            76
5   9            17
6   9            76

Notice that the last row of the table is not returned because that document only matches one of the required subjects.

What is the simplest and most efficient way to query for this in SQL?

Answer 1

I assume that the natrual key of this table is document_id + subject_id, and that id is a surrogate; IOW, document_id and subject_id are unique. As such, I'm just going to pretend it doesn't exist and that a unique constraint is on the natural key.

Let's start with the obvious.

SELECT document_id, subject_id
  FROM document_subjects
 WHERE subject_id IN (17,76)

That gets you everything you want plus stuff you don't want. So all we need to do is filter out the other stuff. The "other stuff" is groups of rows having a count that is not equal to the count of the desired subjects.

SELECT document_id
  FROM document_subjects
 WHERE subject_id IN (17,76)
 GROUP BY document_id
HAVING COUNT(*) = 2

Note that subject_id is removed because it doesn't participate in grouping. Taking this one step further, i'm going to add an imaginary table called subjects_i_want that contains N rows of subjects you want.

SELECT document_id
  FROM document_subjects
 WHERE subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subjects_i_want)
 GROUP BY document_id
HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM subjects_i_want)

Obviously subjects_i_want could be swapped out for another subquery, temporary table, or whatever. But, once you have this list of document_id, you can use it within a subselect of a bigger query.

SELECT document_id, subject_id, ...
  FROM document_subjects
 WHERE document_id IN(
        SELECT document_id
          FROM document_subjects
          WHERE subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subjects_i_want)
          GROUP BY document_id
         HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM subjects_i_want))

Or whatever.