SQL - Select next date query

Question

I have a table with many IDs and many dates associated with each ID, and even a few IDs with no date. For each ID and date combination, I want to select the ID, date, and the next largest date also associated with that same ID, or null as next date if none exists.

Sample Table:

ID      Date
1       5/1/10
1       6/1/10
1       7/1/10
2       6/15/10
3       8/15/10
3       8/15/10
4       4/1/10
4       4/15/10
4       

Desired Output:

ID       Date       Next_Date
1        5/1/10     6/1/10
1        6/1/10     7/1/10
1        7/1/10     
2        6/15/10    
3        8/15/10    
3        8/15/10    
4        4/1/10     4/15/10
4        4/15/10    

Answer 1

SELECT
    mytable.id,
    mytable.date,
    (
        SELECT
            MIN(mytablemin.date)
        FROM mytable AS mytablemin
        WHERE mytablemin.date > mytable.date
            AND mytable.id = mytablemin.id
    ) AS NextDate
FROM mytable

This has been tested on SQL Server 2008 R2 (but it should work on other DBMSs) and produces the following output:

id          date                    NextDate
----------- ----------------------- -----------------------
1           2010-05-01 00:00:00.000 2010-06-01 00:00:00.000
1           2010-06-01 00:00:00.000 2010-06-15 00:00:00.000
1           2010-07-01 00:00:00.000 2010-08-15 00:00:00.000
2           2010-06-15 00:00:00.000 2010-07-01 00:00:00.000
3           2010-08-15 00:00:00.000 NULL
3           2010-08-15 00:00:00.000 NULL
4           2010-04-01 00:00:00.000 2010-04-15 00:00:00.000
4           2010-04-15 00:00:00.000 2010-05-01 00:00:00.000
4           NULL                    NULL

Update 1: For those that are interested, I've compared the performance of the two variants in SQL Server 2008 R2 (one uses MIN aggregate and the other uses TOP 1 with an ORDER BY):

Without an index on the date column, the MIN version had a cost of 0.0187916 and the TOP/ORDER BY version had a cost of 0.115073 so the MIN version was "better".

With an index on the date column, they performed identically.

Note that this was testing with just these 9 records so the results could be (very) spurious...

Update 2: The results hold for 10,000 uniformly distributed random records. The TOP/ORDER BY query takes so long to run at 100,000 records I had to cancel it and give up.

Answer 2

If your db is oracle, you can use lead() and lag() functions.

SELECT id, date, 
LEAD(date, 1, 0) OVER (PARTITION BY ID ORDER BY Date DESC NULLS LAST) NEXT_DATE,
FROM Your_table
ORDER BY ID;