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Spring boot app's .jar not working (issue with tomcat-embed-jasper)

Tags:

java

maven

jar

tomcat

I'm rather new to Spring boot and Maven. I have an issue when trying to run my executable .jar. My end goal is to create a docker image of the .jar so that I can deploy my app.

When I do mvn clean install I get .jar of my application but when I try to execute that .jar I get this error:

2022-12-25T13:11:48.421+02:00 ERROR 11132 --- [           main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Application run failed

org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Unable to start web server
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.onRefresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:164) ~[spring-boot-3.0.0.jar!/:3.0.0]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:578) ~[spring-context-6.0.2.jar!/:6.0.2]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:146) ~[spring-boot-3.0.0.jar!/:3.0.0]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:730) ~[spring-boot-3.0.0.jar!/:3.0.0]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:432) ~[spring-boot-3.0.0.jar!/:3.0.0]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:308) ~[spring-boot-3.0.0.jar!/:3.0.0]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1302) ~[spring-boot-3.0.0.jar!/:3.0.0]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1291) ~[spring-boot-3.0.0.jar!/:3.0.0]
    at fi.jonij.portfoliobackend.PortfolioBackendApplication.main(PortfolioBackendApplication.java:13) ~[classes!/:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT]
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568) ~[na:na]
    at org.springframework.boot.loader.MainMethodRunner.run(MainMethodRunner.java:49) ~[portfolio-backend.jar:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT]
    at org.springframework.boot.loader.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:95) ~[portfolio-backend.jar:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT]
    at org.springframework.boot.loader.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:58) ~[portfolio-backend.jar:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT]
    at org.springframework.boot.loader.JarLauncher.main(JarLauncher.java:65) ~[portfolio-backend.jar:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT]
Caused by: org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerException: Unable to start embedded Tomcat
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.initialize(TomcatWebServer.java:148) ~[spring-boot-3.0.0.jar!/:3.0.0]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.<init>(TomcatWebServer.java:110) ~[spring-boot-3.0.0.jar!/:3.0.0]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory.getTomcatWebServer(TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java:486) ~[spring-boot-3.0.0.jar!/:3.0.0]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory.getWebServer(TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java:210) ~[spring-boot-3.0.0.jar!/:3.0.0]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.createWebServer(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:183) ~[spring-boot-3.0.0.jar!/:3.0.0]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.onRefresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:161) ~[spring-boot-3.0.0.jar!/:3.0.0]
    ... 16 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:938) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:252) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:432) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:926) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:485) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.initialize(TomcatWebServer.java:129) ~[spring-boot-3.0.0.jar!/:3.0.0]
    ... 21 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:191) ~[na:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:926) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    ... 29 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:938) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:886) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1396) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1386) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264) ~[na:na]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:145) ~[na:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:919) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    ... 29 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:191) ~[na:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:926) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    ... 37 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:440) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:198) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1396) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1386) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264) ~[na:na]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:145) ~[na:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:919) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    ... 37 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: zip file closed
    at java.base/java.util.zip.ZipFile.ensureOpen(ZipFile.java:831) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.util.zip.ZipFile.getManifestName(ZipFile.java:1057) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.util.zip.ZipFile$1.getManifestName(ZipFile.java:1100) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.util.jar.JarFile.getManEntry(JarFile.java:937) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.util.jar.JarFile.checkForSpecialAttributes(JarFile.java:1000) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.util.jar.JarFile.isMultiRelease(JarFile.java:389) ~[na:na]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.scan.JarFileUrlJar.<init>(JarFileUrlJar.java:68) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.scan.JarFactory.newInstance(JarFactory.java:41) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanner.process(StandardJarScanner.java:393) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanner.processURLs(StandardJarScanner.java:328) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanner.doScanClassPath(StandardJarScanner.java:271) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanner.scan(StandardJarScanner.java:234) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars(TldScanner.java:262) ~[tomcat-embed-jasper-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scan(TldScanner.java:104) ~[tomcat-embed-jasper-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JasperInitializer.onStartup(JasperInitializer.java:83) ~[tomcat-embed-jasper-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5153) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.1.jar!/:na]
    ... 43 common frames omitted


Process finished with exit code 1

The Application works fine when I run it with IntelliJ. The .jar runs well also if I remove dependency of tomcat-embed-jasper. However, then I can only access my spring security default login page since all my pages are JSPs and thus I need tomcat-embed-jasper to render those.

Here is my pom.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <parent>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.0</version>
          <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->    </parent>    <groupId>fi.jonij</groupId>    <artifactId>portfolio-backend</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <name>portfolio-backend</name>    <description>portfolio-backend</description>    <properties>
          <java.version>17</java.version>    </properties>    <dependencies>
          <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
             <version>3.0.0</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
             <version>3.0.0</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
             <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
             <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
             <version>2.11.0</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
             <version>3.0.0</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
             <version>3.0.0</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
             <version>3.0.0</version>
             <optional>true</optional>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
             <scope>provided</scope>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
             <artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
             <version>10.1.1</version>
             <scope>provided</scope>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
             <version>3.0.0</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
             <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
             <artifactId>glassfish-jstl</artifactId>
             <version>11.0.12</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
             <groupId>mysql</groupId>
             <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
             <version>8.0.31</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
             <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
             <artifactId>bootstrap</artifactId>
             <version>5.2.3</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
             <version>3.0.0</version>
             <scope>runtime</scope>
             <optional>true</optional>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
             <version>3.0.0</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
             <version>6.0.0</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
          </dependency>    </dependencies>
    
       <build>
          <plugins>
             <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
             </plugin>
          </plugins>
          <finalName>portfolio-backend</finalName>    </build>
    
    </project>

I have already tried changing the scope of dependencies from provided to compile and vice versa. I also checked that the tomcat version is correct in both the spring-boot-starter-tomcat and the tomcat-embed-jasper from org.apache.tomcat.embed.

I have also tried different maven commands like mvn clean package and mvn -U clean install.

I also tried disabling scanning of jars with tomcat, that also broke the rendering of JSPs.

I might be missing something obvious since I'm quite new with Maven and Spring boot. I'd appreciate if someone could share an idea what might be the issue here. Thanks in advance! :)

like image 284
Joni Jansson Avatar asked Sep 17 '25 13:09

Joni Jansson

1 Answers

I faced exactly the same problem (java -jar myWarFile.war generate the same error stack as yours). So far I didn't find a solution, just the following workaround:

  1. Unzip the war file in a folder of your own
  2. To run the application open a command line in this folder and type the following:
java org/springframework/boot/loader/WarLauncher

Also, I made the following investigations, all in vain:

  • I checked each and every jar file in the war file and none is corrupt
  • I tried different versions of Maven, same problem
  • I was able to run the application from my development environment (Eclipse) and from the command line using the following:
mvn -o spring-boot:run
  • I tried to recreate the war file manually by using the jar command or 7zip: same problem

There's probably something wrong in the code of one of the JAR, probably one related to Spring or Tomcat.

like image 69
Prospero Avatar answered Sep 19 '25 05:09

Prospero

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