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I have a quite large Java object that represents a graph, with vertices and edges, in memory. Each vertex has an ArrayList of other vertices that it is connected to (and has a HashMap data structure as well for other purposes). The graph can have a few thousand vertices, and many more edges.
When trying to serialize the graph using Java's built-in serialization (implements Serializable, etc.), I always run into a StackOverflowError. Setting other attributes of the graph to transient does not help, and nor does setting the stack size to be larger (i.e. -Xss1g or -Xss512m).
I would not think that I need to make a custom writeObject method since ArrayList and HashMap already have their own implementations, which are called upon serialization.
My question is: is there a way to serialize a large Java object already in memory without getting a StackOverflowError?
Edit: Here is the stack trace:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StackOverflowError
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:575)
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.invokeWriteObject(ObjectStreamClass.java:950)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1482)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1535)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1496)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:329)
at java.util.ArrayList.writeObject(ArrayList.java:570)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.invokeWriteObject(ObjectStreamClass.java:950)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1482)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1535)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1496)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:329)
at java.util.ArrayList.writeObject(ArrayList.java:570)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.invokeWriteObject(ObjectStreamClass.java:950)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1482)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1535)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1496)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:329)
at java.util.ArrayList.writeObject(ArrayList.java:570)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.invokeWriteObject(ObjectStreamClass.java:950)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1482)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1535)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1496)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:329)
at java.util.ArrayList.writeObject(ArrayList.java:570)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.invokeWriteObject(ObjectStreamClass.java:950)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1482)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1535)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1496)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:329)
at java.util.ArrayList.writeObject(ArrayList.java:570)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.invokeWriteObject(ObjectStreamClass.java:950)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1482)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1535)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1496)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:329)
at java.util.ArrayList.writeObject(ArrayList.java:570)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.invokeWriteObject(ObjectStreamClass.java:950)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1482)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1535)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1496)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:329)
at java.util.ArrayList.writeObject(ArrayList.java:570)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.invokeWriteObject(ObjectStreamClass.java:950)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1482)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1535)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1496)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:329)
at java.util.ArrayList.writeObject(ArrayList.java:570)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.invokeWriteObject(ObjectStreamClass.java:950)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1482)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1535)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1496)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1413)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1159)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:329)
at java.util.ArrayList.writeObject(ArrayList.java:570)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
// Many more lines after this
Here is an overview of my Graph class:
public class Graph implements Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2632163054149021990L;
private ArrayList<Vertex> vertices;
private HashMap<Integer, Set<Vertex>> map;
public Graph(int rowMax, int colMax)
{
map = new HashMap<Integer, Set<Vertex>>();
this.vertices = new ArrayList<Vertex>();
}
public void connectVertices(Vertex u, Vertex v)
{
u.addNeighbor(v);
v.addNeighbor(u);
}
// other unrelated methods after this
And here is my Vertex class:
public class Vertex implements Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 8520500010710631610L;
public int row;
public int col;
private ArrayList<Vertex> neighbors; // may change this to Set<Vertex>
public Vertex(int i, int j)
{
this.row = i;
this.col = j;
this.neighbors = new ArrayList<Vertex>();
}
public boolean addNeighbor(Vertex v)
{
this.neighbors.add(v);
return true;
}
// unrelated methods after this
Edit 2: Also, for graphs of smaller sizes, but that have "neighbors", do not have this problem.
444
Serialization will throw a StackOverflowError if the depth of your graph is too large for the default serialization to handle. This is due to the default serialization recursively serializing each node as it parses your graph.
Flat structures will work fine (e.g. a parent node with 2000 children), but deep structures will fail (e.g. a node with 2000 descendant levels).
E.g. The following will stack overflow:
public class Node implements Serializable
{
private ArrayList<Node> nodes = new ArrayList<Node>();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
Node node = new Node();
int depth = 3000;
// Add nodes chained down to specified depth
Node last = node;
for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++)
{
Node temp = new Node();
last.nodes.add(temp);
last = temp;
}
System.out.println("starting");
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
// Below line will cause a stack overflow.
out.writeObject(node);
System.out.println("done");
}
}
You will need to either reduce the depth of your graph in order to limit the number of recursive serialization calls, or write custom serialization to work around this. The custom serialization will need to be non-recursive in nature, and unfortunately at first glance seems non-trivial to implement.
179
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