Rules for unquoted JavaScript Object Literal Keys?

Question

In JavaScript, you can define an object like this:

var d = {1: 'test'};

and I can set a key with a negative number index like this:

d[-1] = 'test2';

but if I try to use a negative number in the literal initialization, I get an error:

var d = {1: 'test', -1: 'test2'};
Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected token -

Why is this? Why can't I use a literal negative number as a key to an object? Is there a workaround that allows me to initialize it as a literal. I know I could use strings instead, but I want to use integers.

Answer 1

From Unquoted property names / object keys in JavaScript, my write-up on the subject:

Quotes can only be omitted if the property name is a numeric literal or a valid identifier name.

[…]

Bracket notation can safely be used for all property names.

[…]

Dot notation can only be used when the property name is a valid identifier name.

-1 is not a numeric literal, it’s a unary - operator followed by a numeric literal (1).

I also made a tool that will tell you if any given property name can be used without quotes and/or with dot notation. Try it at mothereff.in/js-properties.