RGB to closest predefined color

Question

Edit:

With the answer given I made this function

function grabclosestcolor($r, $g, $b){
    $colors = array(array(124,12,12),array(7,7,11),array(110,224,219),array(123,123,123),array(124,177,74),array(130,86,53),array(77,77,77),array(164,124,68),array(204,196,132),array(164,148,147),array(163,123,67),array(26,122,26), array(195,195,50),array(193,193,193),array(255,248,73),array(243,243,243));
    $differencearray = array();
    foreach ($colors as $value) {
        $difference = sqrt(pow($r-$value[0],2)+pow($g-$value[1],2)+pow($b-$value[2],2));
        array_push($differencearray, $difference);
        $smallest = min($differencearray);
        $key = array_search($smallest, $differencearray);
        return $colors[$key];
        }
    }

---

My goal is this. I grab a picture and loop through each pixel and grab its x,y, and rgb.

Instead of just grabbing the rgb, I have a predefined array and I'm looking for the closest match from the color I grabbed to the predefined array. The goal here is to only use colors from the predefined array. Here is my array of colors.

$colors = array(array(124,12,12),array(7,7,11),array(110,224,219),array(123,123,123),array(124,177,74),array(130,86,53),array(77,77,77),array(164,124,68),array(204,196,132),array(164,148,147),array(163,123,67),array(26,122,26), array(195,195,50),array(193,193,193),array(255,248,73),array(243,243,243));

and here is my existing code that loops through it all.

$int = imagesx($im) - 1;
$int2 = imagesy($im) - 1;
$start2 = 0;
do{
    $start = 0;
    do{
        $rgb = imagecolorat($im, $start, $start2);
        $r = ($rgb >> 16) & 0xFF;
        $g = ($rgb >> 8) & 0xFF;
        $b = $rgb & 0xFF;
        $value = rgb2hex($r,$g,$b).":$start:$start2";
        array_push($colorsofimage, $value);
    } while($int > $start++);
} while($int2 > $start2++);

rgb2hex is a User Defined Function, but what I want to accomplish is to change that function with the function to grab the closest color.

$colorsofimage contains an array of each pixels info with hex:x:y what i want it to be is rgb2hex(NEWFUNCTION($r,$g,$b)); So that the new hex is the 1 out of the predefined array.

I hope you understood, because I have no clue how to do it because I don't know the algorithm of a color.

Answer 1

Since this question is displayed in the top ten of goolge search results, here is a more complex function I wrote some years ago, which produced better results than the existing PHP functions.

/*
 * Die Funktion gibt den Array-Schlüssel der Farbe ($palette),
 * die am ehesten der Farbe $givenColor entspricht.
 * 
 * Returns the index of the palette-color which is most similar
 * to $givenColor.
 * 
 * $givenColor und die Einträge in $palette können entweder
 * Strings im Format (#)rrggbb
 * (z. B. "ff0000", "4da4f3" oder auch "#b5d7f3")
 * oder Arrays mit je einem Wert für Rot, Grün und Blau 
 * (z. B. $givenColor = array( 0xff, 0x00, 0x00 ) )
 * sein.
 * 
 * $givenColor and the colors in $palette should be either
 * formatted as (#)rrggbb
 * (e. g. "ff0000", "4da4f3" or "#b5d7f3")
 * or arrays with values for red, green and blue
 * (e. g. $givenColor = array( 0xff, 0x00, 0x00 ) )
 *
 * Referenzen/References:
 * function rgb2lab
 *   - http://www.f4.fhtw-berlin.de/~barthel/ImageJ/ColorInspector//HTMLHilfe/farbraumJava.htm
 *   - http://www.brucelindbloom.com/index.html?Eqn_RGB_to_XYZ.html
 *   - http://www.brucelindbloom.com/index.html?Eqn_XYZ_to_Lab.html
 *
 * function deltaE
 *   - http://www.brucelindbloom.com/index.html?Eqn_DeltaE_CMC.html
 */
function getNearestColor( $givenColor,
                          $palette = array('blue' => '0000ff','red' => 'ff0000','green' => '00ff00','yellow' => 'ffff00','black' => '000000','white' => 'ffffff','orange' => 'ff8800','purple' => 'ff00ff', 'teal' => '00ffff')
  )
{
  if(!function_exists('rgb2lab'))
  {
    function rgb2lab($rgb) {
      $eps = 216/24389; $k = 24389/27;
      // reference white D50
      $xr = 0.964221; $yr = 1.0; $zr = 0.825211;
      // reference white D65
      #$xr = 0.95047; $yr = 1.0; $zr = 1.08883;

      // RGB to XYZ
      $rgb[0] = $rgb[0]/255; //R 0..1
      $rgb[1] = $rgb[1]/255; //G 0..1
      $rgb[2] = $rgb[2]/255; //B 0..1

      // assuming sRGB (D65)
      $rgb[0] = ($rgb[0] <= 0.04045)?($rgb[0]/12.92):pow(($rgb[0]+0.055)/1.055,2.4);
      $rgb[1] = ($rgb[1] <= 0.04045)?($rgb[1]/12.92):pow(($rgb[1]+0.055)/1.055,2.4);
      $rgb[2] = ($rgb[2] <= 0.04045)?($rgb[2]/12.92):pow(($rgb[2]+0.055)/1.055,2.4);

      // sRGB D50
      $x =  0.4360747*$rgb[0] + 0.3850649*$rgb[1] + 0.1430804*$rgb[2];
      $y =  0.2225045*$rgb[0] + 0.7168786*$rgb[1] + 0.0606169*$rgb[2];
      $z =  0.0139322*$rgb[0] + 0.0971045*$rgb[1] + 0.7141733*$rgb[2];
      // sRGB D65
      /*$x =  0.412453*$rgb[0] + 0.357580*$rgb[1] + 0.180423*$rgb[2];
      $y =  0.212671*$rgb[0] + 0.715160*$rgb[1] + 0.072169*$rgb[2];
      $z =  0.019334*$rgb[0] + 0.119193*$rgb[1] + 0.950227*$rgb[2];*/

      // XYZ to Lab
      $xr = $x/$xr; $yr = $y/$yr; $zr = $z/$zr;

      $fx = ($xr > $eps)?pow($xr, 1/3):($fx = ($k * $xr + 16) / 116); $fy = ($yr > $eps)?pow($yr, 1/3):($fy = ($k * $yr + 16) / 116); $fz = ($zr > $eps)?pow($zr, 1/3):($fz = ($k * $zr + 16) / 116);

      $lab = array();
      $lab[] = round(( 116 * $fy ) - 16); $lab[] = round(500*($fx-$fy)); $lab[] = round(200*($fy-$fz));      
      return $lab;
    } // function rgb2lab
  }

  if(!function_exists('deltaE'))
  {
    function deltaE($lab1, $lab2)
    {
      // CMC 1:1
      $l = 1; $c = 1;

      $c1 = sqrt($lab1[1]*$lab1[1]+$lab1[2]*$lab1[2]); $c2 = sqrt($lab2[1]*$lab2[1]+$lab2[2]*$lab2[2]);

      $h1 = (((180000000/M_PI) * atan2($lab1[1],$lab1[2]) + 360000000) % 360000000)/1000000;

      $t = (164 <= $h1 AND $h1 <= 345)?(0.56 + abs(0.2 * cos($h1+168))):(0.36 + abs(0.4 * cos($h1+35)));
      $f = sqrt(pow($c1,4)/(pow($c1,4) + 1900));

      $sl = ($lab1[0] < 16)?(0.511):((0.040975*$lab1[0])/(1 + 0.01765*$lab1[0]));
      $sc = (0.0638 * $c1)/(1 + 0.0131 * $c1) + 0.638;
      $sh = $sc * ($f * $t + 1 -$f);

      return sqrt( pow(($lab1[0]-$lab2[0])/($l * $sl),2) + pow(($c1-$c2)/($c * $sc),2) + pow(sqrt(($lab1[1]-$lab2[1])*($lab1[1]-$lab2[1]) + ($lab1[2]-$lab2[2])*($lab1[2]-$lab2[2]) + ($c1-$c2)*($c1-$c2))/$sh,2) );
    } // function deltaE
  }

  if(!function_exists('colorDistance'))
  {
    function colorDistance($lab1,$lab2)
    {
      return sqrt(($lab1[0]-$lab2[0])*($lab1[0]-$lab2[0])+($lab1[1]-$lab2[1])*($lab1[1]-$lab2[1])+($lab1[2]-$lab2[2])*($lab1[2]-$lab2[2]));
    }
  }

  if(!function_exists('str2rgb'))
  {
    function str2rgb($str)
    {
      $str = preg_replace('~[^0-9a-f]~','',$str);
      $rgb = str_split($str,2);
      for($i=0;$i<3;$i++)
        $rgb[$i] = intval($rgb[$i],16);

      return $rgb;
    } // function str2rgb
  }

  // split into RGB, if not already done
  $givenColorRGB = is_array($givenColor)?$givenColor:str2rgb($givenColor);
  $min = 0xffff;
  $return = NULL;

  foreach($palette as $key => $color)
  {
    // split into RGB
    $color = is_array($color)?$color:str2rgb($color);
    // deltaE
    #if($min >= ($deltaE = deltaE(rgb2lab($color),rgb2lab($givenColorRGB))))
    // euclidean distance
    if($min >= ($deltaE = colorDistance(rgb2lab($color),rgb2lab($givenColorRGB))))
    {
      $min = $deltaE;
      $return = $key;
    }
  }

  return $return;
}