Register broadcast receiver dynamically does not work - BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND

Question

Using Log class to track Runtime show that onReceive() methode does not called,why ?

Register broadcast receiver dynamically

 private void discoverDevices () {
    Log.e("MOHAB","BEFORE ON RECEIVE");

     mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Log.e("MOHAB","ON RECEIVE");
            String action = intent.getAction();
            // When discovery finds a device
            if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
                // Get the BluetoothDevice object from the Intent
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                // Add the name and address to an array adapter to show in a ListView
                Bluetooth b = new Bluetooth(device.getName(),device.getAddress());
                list.add(b);
            }
        }
    };
    Log.e("MOHAB","create intentFilter");
    // Register the BroadcastReceiver
    IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
    registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // Don't forget to unregister during onDestroy

}

Answer 1

Apart from the fact that starting with Android 6.0 you have to have the ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION permission to receive ACTION_FOUND (as @siniux already mentioned), there's another related thing:

ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION is among dangerous permissions that you have to explicitly request from user at run time (another security improvement that came in 6.0).

To diagnose, you can run adb logcat | grep BroadcastQueue, and see something like this:

W/BroadcastQueue: Permission Denial: receiving Intent { 
    act=android.bluetooth.device.action.FOUND flg=0x10 (has extras) } 
    to ProcessRecord{9007:com.examplepackage} (pid=9007, uid=10492) 
    requires android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION due to sender
    com.android.bluetooth (uid 1002)

So, the correct procedure for BT device discovery on Marshmallow is as follows:

1. Have ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION permission requirement in manifest along with usual bluetooth permissions:

   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
   

2. Ensure you have run-time permission for ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

   protected void checkLocationPermission() {
       if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)
               != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
   
           ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                   new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION},
                   REQUEST_COARSE_LOCATION);
       }
   }
   
   @Override
   public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
                                      String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
       switch (requestCode) {
       case REQUEST_COARSE_LOCATION: {
           if (grantResults.length > 0
                   && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
               proceedDiscovery(); // --->
           } else {
               //TODO re-request
           }
           break;
       }
   }
   

   }

3. Register a broadcast receiver for ACTION_FOUND and call BluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery()

   protected void proceedDiscovery() {
       IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
       filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_NAME_CHANGED);
       registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
   
       mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
   }
   

Funny thing about ACTION_NAME_CHANGED. Although 6.0 won't deliver you ACTION_FOUND without the permission for coarse location, you'll still get ACTION_NAME_CHANGED events, which are usually teamed up with ACTION_FOUND when devices are discovered. I.e. you get both events, so without the permission, you can still handle ACTION_NAME_CHANGED for pretty much the same behavior. (Gurus, correct me if I'm wrong)

Answer 2

I was having a similar problem with a Broadcast Receiver. Then I found this: https://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0-changes.html#behavior-hardware-id

Basically, on 6.0 you must use the location permission to scan for Bluetooth devices.

Answer 3

What you missed is that you need to start a device discovery

First, get the bluetooth adapter

BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();

After that, you start the discovery by calling

mBtAdapter.startDiscovery();

You should read the details here as well, e.g. about cancelDiscovery() http://developer.android.com/reference/android/bluetooth/BluetoothAdapter.html#startDiscovery%28%29

P.S. Also, it is suggested to use context.getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE) to get the BluetoothAdapter on API 18+, according to official doc.

To get a BluetoothAdapter representing the local Bluetooth adapter, when running on JELLY_BEAN_MR1 and below, call the static getDefaultAdapter() method; when running on JELLY_BEAN_MR2 and higher, retrieve it through getSystemService(Class) with BLUETOOTH_SERVICE.

Edit: Be reminded that you need BLUETOOTH_ADMIN permission to startDiscovery()

Answer 4

As replied by experts, you may please check the following points to get ACTION_FOUND work in Android 6 and above, 1. In addition to setting permissions of BLUETOOTH and BLUETOOTH_ADMIN, try

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

Sometimes these two may not be needed, but it worked for me. Also you have to seek user permissions dynamically using the codes

int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST = 200;
int permissions=ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission (this,Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION},
                MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST);

Now write your codes for performing the required operation. I have added one startDiscovery() method just after this. Surely, this will work for you... Happy coding...