Reading a binary file in Java vs C++

Question

I have a binary file (about 100 MB) that I need to read in quickly. In C++ I could just load the file into a char pointer and march through it by incrementing the pointer. This of course would be very fast.

Is there a comparably fast way to do this in Java?

Answer 1

If you use a memory mapped file or regular buffer you will be able to read the data as fast your hardware allows.

File tmp = File.createTempFile("deleteme", "bin");
tmp.deleteOnExit();
int size = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;

long start0 = System.nanoTime();
FileChannel fc0 = new FileOutputStream(tmp).getChannel();
ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(32 * 1024).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());

for (int i = 0; i < size; i += bb.capacity()) {
    fc0.write(bb);
    bb.clear();
}
long time0 = System.nanoTime() - start0;
System.out.printf("Took %.3f ms to write %,d MB using ByteBuffer%n", time0 / 1e6, size / 1024 / 1024);

long start = System.nanoTime();
FileChannel fc = new FileInputStream(tmp).getChannel();
MappedByteBuffer buffer = fc.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, size);
LongBuffer longBuffer = buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).asLongBuffer();
long total = 0; // used to prevent a micro-optimisation.
while (longBuffer.remaining() > 0)
    total += longBuffer.get();
fc.close();
long time = System.nanoTime() - start;
System.out.printf("Took %.3f ms to read %,d MB MemoryMappedFile%n", time / 1e6, size / 1024 / 1024);

long start2 = System.nanoTime();
FileChannel fc2 = new FileInputStream(tmp).getChannel();
bb.clear();
while (fc2.read(bb) > 0) {
    while (bb.remaining() > 0)
        total += bb.get();
    bb.clear();
}
fc2.close();
long time2 = System.nanoTime() - start2;
System.out.printf("Took %.3f ms to read %,d MB File via NIO%n", time2 / 1e6, size / 1024 / 1024);

prints

Took 305.243 ms to write 1,024 MB using ByteBuffer
Took 286.404 ms to read 1,024 MB MemoryMappedFile
Took 155.598 ms to read 1,024 MB File via NIO

This is for a file 10x larger than what you want. Its this fast because the data is being cached in memory (and I have an SSD drive). If you have fast hardware, the data can be read pretty fast.