Using PowerShell, I would like to read the value of key presses as they occur, without the user having to press enter. For example, if the user presses '1' I would like the PowerShell script to react to the choice immediately without an 'enter'.
My research has turned up ReadKey,
$input = $Host.UI.RawUI.ReadKey('IncludeKeyDown');
But ReadKey returns much more information in the string than I require:
72,h,0,True
While I can parse the key press from this string, I'd prefer a more direct option. Does one exist?
QuickTip: Read single key press from PowerShell console. When building an interactive script capturing a single key press might be necessary. This can be done by using the $host variable, specifically the ReadKey method.
Here is how PowerShell detects pressed keys: # this could be part of your profile script Add-Type -AssemblyName WindowsBase Add-Type -AssemblyName PresentationCore # assume the script is doing something # (so you can get ready and press left Ctrl!)
Just a note if anyone else is trying this. ReadKey does not work in Powershell ISE. Be aware that this will treat modifier keys such as Shift as a key press, so, for example, responding with Shift+a is not possible. I could not get this to work for me, but turns out [Console]::ReadKey () works just the same.
This way, your profile script could, for example, do things during PowerShell startup based on keys you hold. For example, when you hold the left CTRL key while launching PowerShell, your profile script could preload certain modules or connect you to servers.
Perhaps you could clarify a bit - but ReadKey returns a KeyInfo object not a string. KeyInfo
contains VirtualKeyCode, Character, ControlKeyState and KeyDown members - all fields in your output string in that order. In fact, it looks like PowerShell has just called the .ToString() method in your output example. You will probably want to look at the Character
property to find your desired character. Consider the following example where I press 1:
$key = $Host.UI.RawUI.ReadKey()
if ($key.Character -eq '1') {
"Pressed 1"
}
I have extracted out the essentials of the input and menu system and gave a few example menu items.
MODE 1: Uses Read-Host, requires Enter, Runs in ISE. Use this for troubleshooting/building
MODE 2: Uses ReadKey, no Enter required, Does NOT run in ISE... You will need to run this in a PowerShell command line. The code below is currently in Mode 2.
##Formatting Variables
$fgc1 = 'cyan'
$fgc2 = 'white'
$indent = ' '
Function MainMenu {
CLS
Write-Host "###############"
Write-Host "## Main Menu ##"
Write-Host "###############"
Write-Host -NoNewLine "$indent" "A " -ForegroundColor 'red'; Write-Host "== Options A" -ForegroundColor $fgc2
Write-Host -NoNewLine "$indent" "B " -ForegroundColor 'red'; Write-Host "== Options B" -ForegroundColor $fgc2
Write-Host -NoNewLine "$indent" "C " -ForegroundColor 'red'; Write-Host "== Options C" -ForegroundColor $fgc2
Write-Host -NoNewLine "$indent" "D " -ForegroundColor 'red'; Write-Host "== Options D" -ForegroundColor $fgc2
Write-Host -NoNewLine "$indent" "E " -ForegroundColor 'red'; Write-Host "== Options E" -ForegroundColor $fgc2
Write-Host -NoNewLine "$indent" "F " -ForegroundColor 'red'; Write-Host "== Options F" -ForegroundColor $fgc2
Write-Host -NoNewLine "$indent" "G " -ForegroundColor 'red'; Write-Host "== Options G" -ForegroundColor $fgc2
Write-Host ""
#This gives you a way to set the current function as a variable. The Script: is there because the variable has to
#be available OUTSIDE the function. This way you can make it back to the menu that you came from as long as all
#of your menus are in functions!
$Script:SourceMenu = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name
# Mode 1#
#Use this for troubleshooting so that you can stay in ISE
# Uncomment the 2 lines below to use Read-Host. This will necessitate an ENTER Key. BUT, it WILL work in ISE
#$K = Read-Host - "Which option?"
#MenuActions
# Mode 2#
#Uncomment the line below to use ReadKey. This will NOT necessitate an ENTER Key. BUT, it ## will NOT work ## in ISE
ReadKey
}
Function ReadKey {
Write-Host "Please make your choice..."
Write-Host ""
Write-Host "Press Q to quit"
$KeyPress = [System.Console]::ReadKey()
#This gets the keypress to a common variable so that both modes work (Read-Host and KeyPress)
$K = $KeyPress.Key
#Jumps you down to the MenuActions function to take the keypress and "Switch" to it
MenuActions
}
Function MenuActions {
Switch ($K) {
A {CLS;Write-Host "You Pressed A";Write-Host "Going to pause now... ";&pause}
B {CLS;Write-Host "You pressed B";Write-Host "Going to pause now... ";&pause}
C {CLS;Write-Host "You pressed C";Write-Host "Going to pause now... ";&pause}
D {CLS;Write-Host "You pressed D";Write-Host "Going to pause now... ";&pause}
E {CLS;Write-Host "You pressed E";Write-Host "Going to pause now... ";&pause}
F {CLS;Write-Host "You pressed F";Write-Host "Going to pause now... ";&pause}
G {CLS;Write-Host "You pressed G";Write-Host "Going to pause now... ";&pause}
#This is a little strange of a process to exit out, but I like to use an existing mechanism to exit out
#It sets the $SourceMenu to a process that will exit out.
#I use this same process to jump to a different menu/sub-menu
Q {$SourceMenu = "Exit-PSHostProcess";CLS;Write-Host "Exited Program"}
}
#This next command will loop back to the menu you came from. This, in essence, provides a validation that one of the
#"Switch ($X.key)" options were pressed. This is also a good way to always find your way back to
#the menu you came from. See "$Script:SourceMenu = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name" above.
#
#This is also the way that the Menu Item for Q exits out
& $SourceMenu
}
# This runs the MainMenu function. It has to be after all the functions so that they are defined before being called
MainMenu
$KeyPress = [System.Console]::ReadKey()
#This gets the keypress to a common variable so that both modes work (Read-Host and KeyPress)
$K = $KeyPress.Key
#
#Then do something with $K
Just a little addition here. Since we are talking about a SINGLE key press... how about a double key press? Well, this will work fine. Just stack up the ReadKey commands and assign variables to each, then combine them:
Write-Host "Press the 2 character option you wish"
#Get KeyPress1 Variable
$KeyPress1 = [System.Console]::ReadKey()
#This gets the keypress to a common variable so that both modes work (Read-Host and KeyPress)
$K1 = $KeyPress1.Key
#Get KeyPress1 Variable
$KeyPress2 = [System.Console]::ReadKey()
#This gets the keypress to a common variable so that both modes work (Read-Host and KeyPress)
$K2 = $KeyPress2.Key
#This is just for troubleshooting to prove it works
CLS
Write-Host "This is the state of the variables right now"
Write-Host "Keypress1 is: $K1" -ForegroundColor Green
Write-Host "Keypress1 is: $K2" -ForegroundColor Green
$KEYS = "$K1"+"$K2"
Write-Host "The combined presses are: $KEYS" -ForegroundColor Red
pause
I look forward to questions or comments.
If you love us? You can donate to us via Paypal or buy me a coffee so we can maintain and grow! Thank you!
Donate Us With