I've searched many times, and haven't found the answer here or elsewhere. I want to replace each space ' '
in variables containing file names with a '\ '
. (A use case could be for shell commands, with the spaces escaped, so each file name doesn't appear as a list of arguments.) I have looked through the StackOverflow question "how to replace single backslash in R", and find that many combinations do work as advertised:
> gsub(" ", "\\\\", "a b")
[1] "a\\b"
> gsub(" ", "\\ ", "a b", fixed = TRUE)
[1] "a\\ b"
but try these with a single-slash version, and R ignores it:
> gsub(" ", "\\ ", "a b")
[1] "a b"
> gsub(" ", "\ ", "a b", fixed = TRUE)
[1] "a b"
For the case going in the opposite direction — removing slashes from a string, it works for two:
> gsub("\\\\", " ", "a\\b")
[1] "a b"
> gsub("\\", " ", "a\\b", fixed = TRUE)
[1] "a b"
However, for single slashes some inner perversity in R prevents me from even attempting to remove them:
> gsub("\\", " ", "a\\b")
Error in gsub("\\", " ", "a\\b") :
invalid regular expression '\', reason 'Trailing backslash'
> gsub("\", " ", "a\b", fixed = TRUE)
Error: unexpected string constant in "gsub("\", " ", ""
The 'invalid regular expression' is telling us something, but I don't see what. (Note too that the perl = True
option does not help.)
Even with three back slashes R fails to notice even one:
> gsub(" ", "\\\ ", "a b")
[1] "a b"
The patter extends too! Even multiples of two work:
> gsub(" ", "\\\\\\\\", "a b")
[1] "a\\\\b"
but not odd multiples (should get '\\\ '
:
> gsub(" ", "\\\\\\ ", "a b")
[1] "a\\ b"
> gsub(" ", "\\\ ", "a b", fixed = TRUE)
[1] "a\\ b"
(I would expect 3 slashes, not two.)
My two questions are:
' '
with a '\ '
be accomplished?For shell commands a simple work-around is to quote the file names, but part of my interest is just wanting to understand what is going on with R's regex engine.
Get ready for a face-palm, because this:
> gsub(" ", "\\\ ", "a b", fixed = TRUE)
[1] "a\\ b"
is actually working.
The two backslashes you see are just the R console's way of displaying a single backslash, which is escaped when printed to the screen.
To confirm the replacement with a single backslash is indeed working, try writing the output to a text file and inspect yourself:
f <- file("C:\\output.txt")
writeLines(gsub(" ", "\\", "a b", fixed = TRUE), f)
close(f)
In output.txt
you should see the following:
a\b
Very helpful discussion! (I've been Googling the heck out of this for 2 days.)
Another way to see the difference (rather than writing to a file) is to compare the contents of the string using print
and cat
.
z <- gsub(" ", "\\", "a b", fixed = TRUE)
> print(z)
[1] "a\\ b"
> cat(z)
a\ b
So, by using cat
instead of print
we can confirm that the gsub
line is doing what was intended when we're trying to add single backslashes to a string.
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